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Related Concept Videos

Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

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The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
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Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
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Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

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Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Crossing Over01:30

Crossing Over

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Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I,...
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Recombineering Homologous Recombination Constructs in Drosophila
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Recombineering and MAGE.

Timothy M Wannier1,2, Peter N Ciaccia3,4, Andrew D Ellington5

  • 1Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Nature Reviews. Methods Primers
|May 11, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recombination-mediated genetic engineering (recombineering) and multiplex automated genome engineering (MAGE) offer powerful tools for genetic manipulation in diverse organisms. These advanced techniques enhance experimental biology

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Synthetic Biology

Background:

  • Recombination-mediated genetic engineering (recombineering) enables precise DNA integration into bacterial genomes.
  • Multiplex Automated Genome Engineering (MAGE) represents a significant advancement in high-throughput genome engineering.
  • These technologies are expanding beyond model organisms like Escherichia coli to diverse prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of recombineering and MAGE techniques.
  • To detail the optimal applications and methodologies for these genetic engineering tools.
  • To explore the integration of recombineering and MAGE with other genetic editing systems.

Main Methods:

  • Description of recombineering principles for homologous DNA integration.
  • Explanation of MAGE as a multiplexed single-stranded DNA-mediated technology.
  • Discussion of strategies for combining recombineering/MAGE with other genome editing tools.

Main Results:

  • Recombineering and MAGE have revolutionized genome engineering capabilities.
  • These methods facilitate rapid genetic manipulation in a wide range of organisms.
  • The scope and throughput of experimental biology are significantly improved.

Conclusions:

  • Recombineering and MAGE are transformative tools for genetic engineering.
  • Their application in diverse organisms promises to accelerate biological research.
  • Future developments in genetic engineering will build upon these foundational technologies.