Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Visual Agnosia01:12

Visual Agnosia

348
Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round...
348
Tip-of-the-Tongue Phenomenon01:10

Tip-of-the-Tongue Phenomenon

249
The tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) phenomenon is a cognitive experience characterized by a temporary inability to retrieve specific information from memory despite having a strong feeling of knowing the information. Although individuals cannot access the target word or detail, they frequently recall related elements, such as its initial letter, syllable count, or context. This partial retrieval often causes frustration, as one might recognize a familiar face or know that a name starts with a specific...
249
Color Vision01:24

Color Vision

747
Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.
747
Causes of Similarity-Dissimilarity Effect01:26

Causes of Similarity-Dissimilarity Effect

7
The similarity-dissimilarity effect, a fundamental concept in social psychology, explains how interpersonal similarities and differences influence attraction and social interactions. This effect is supported by three key psychological perspectives: balance theory, social comparison theory, and consensual validation.Balance Theory and Cognitive ConsistencyBalance theory, developed by Fritz Heider, posits that individuals seek cognitive consistency in their relationships. When two people share...
7
Visual System01:26

Visual System

713
Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
713

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Eye Movement Database of Passage Reading in Vertically Written Traditional Mongolian.

Scientific data·2025
Same author

Comparative analyses of the information content of letters, characters, and inter-word spaces across writing systems.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·2024
Same author

Competition between parts and whole: A new approach to Chinese compound word processing.

Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance·2024
Same author

Mechanism of semantic processing of lexicalized and novel compound words: An eye movement study.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2023
Same author

The effect of transposed-character distance in Chinese reading.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2022
Same author

Sentence context modulates the neighborhood frequency effect in Chinese reading: Evidence from eye movements.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2021
Same journal

EXPRESS: When illusion rivals reality. Investigating error detection and the role of working memory resources in the Vanishing Ball Illusion.

Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)·2026
Same journal

EXPRESS: Metaphors and the Body: Perceived Locations for the Self are Influenced by Conceptual Metaphor.

Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)·2026
Same journal

EXPRESS: Age-related Differences in Recognition Memory for Discourse: The Case of Modified Words, Competitors, and Related Lures.

Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)·2026
Same journal

EXPRESS: Exaggerated Self-Referencing in Body Dysmorphic Disorder.

Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)·2026
Same journal

EXPRESS: Post-Error Adjustments: The role of Response Stimulus Intervals and error placement.

Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)·2026
Same journal

Mitigating the Low Prevalence Effect: Role of Removing Explicit "Target-Absent" Responses in Visual Search.

Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 23, 2025

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
06:48

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: June 25, 2019

9.3K

Lexical competition influences correct and incorrect visual word recognition.

Julie Gregg1, Albrecht W Inhoff1, Xingshan Li2

  • 1Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA.

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2006)
|May 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Errors in visual word recognition are common and influence how we process words. This study shows that word neighbours and errors are linked, affecting lexical competition during reading.

Keywords:
Eye movementslexical competitionorthographic neighbourhoodvisual word recognitionvisual world paradigm

More Related Videos

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology
05:38

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology

Published on: June 29, 2021

2.5K
Comparing the Frequency Effect Between the Lexical Decision and Naming Tasks in Chinese
08:08

Comparing the Frequency Effect Between the Lexical Decision and Naming Tasks in Chinese

Published on: April 1, 2016

9.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 23, 2025

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
06:48

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: June 25, 2019

9.3K
Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology
05:38

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology

Published on: June 29, 2021

2.5K
Comparing the Frequency Effect Between the Lexical Decision and Naming Tasks in Chinese
08:08

Comparing the Frequency Effect Between the Lexical Decision and Naming Tasks in Chinese

Published on: April 1, 2016

9.4K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Visual word recognition is susceptible to errors.
  • Errors may contribute to inhibitory neighbour frequency effects in word identification.
  • Lexical competition plays a role in word recognition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between lexical competition and error making in visual word recognition.
  • To examine the influence of neighbour frequency effects on error patterns.
  • To explore the types of errors occurring during visual word recognition.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a novel adaptation of the visual world paradigm (VWP).
  • Participants identified briefly presented target words from an array including neighbours and competitors.
  • Analyzed visual inspection of arrays and viewing patterns during target identification and errors.

Main Results:

  • Lexical competition occurred during correct word identification, influenced by orthographic similarity and neighbour frequency.
  • Errors in target identification were common, particularly mistaking targets for higher-frequency neighbours.
  • Viewing patterns on error trials suggested both early perceptual and later selection errors.

Conclusions:

  • Neighbour frequency effects in word recognition are influenced by both lexical competition and errors.
  • Errors in visual word recognition can arise from perceptual and selection processes.
  • Understanding error patterns provides insights into the mechanisms of visual word recognition.