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Updated: Jun 14, 2026
Influence of Hybrid Perovskite Fabrication Methods on Film Formation, Electronic Structure, and Solar Cell Performance
Published on: February 27, 2017
Scalable processing for realizing 21.7%-efficient all-perovskite tandem solar modules
Ke Xiao1,2, Yen-Hung Lin3, Mei Zhang1
1National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
Efficient all-perovskite tandem solar modules were fabricated using scalable techniques. A novel diffusion barrier improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability, achieving 21.7% PCE and retaining 75% efficiency after 500 hours.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Renewable Energy
- Photovoltaics
Background:
- Fabricating all-perovskite tandem solar cells into modules presents challenges, including achieving high-quality wide-bandgap perovskites and preventing degradation from ion diffusion at contacts.
- Current methods often result in single-junction configurations rather than efficient tandem modules.
Purpose of the Study:
- To demonstrate efficient and stable all-perovskite tandem solar modules using scalable fabrication methods.
- To address degradation issues caused by interdiffusion at interconnecting contacts in tandem solar cells.
Main Methods:
- Systematic tuning of cesium ratio in a methylammonium-free 1.8-electron volt mixed-halide perovskite to enhance film crystallization over large areas via blade coating.
- Introduction of a conductive conformal diffusion barrier between subcells to prevent halide and metal interdiffusion.
Main Results:
- Improved crystallization homogeneity for large-area blade-coated perovskite films.
- Achieved a certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.7% for tandem modules with a 20 cm² aperture area.
- Demonstrated enhanced stability, retaining 75% of initial efficiency after 500 hours of continuous simulated 1-sun illumination.
Conclusions:
- Scalable fabrication techniques, including cesium ratio tuning and a diffusion barrier, enable efficient all-perovskite tandem solar modules.
- The developed diffusion barrier effectively mitigates degradation, leading to improved PCE and operational stability.
- These findings pave the way for practical, high-performance all-perovskite tandem solar modules.
