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Lowland plant arrival in alpine ecosystems facilitates a decrease in soil carbon content under experimental climate

Tom W N Walker1, Konstantin Gavazov2,3,4, Thomas Guillaume3,4,5

  • 1Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.

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|May 13, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Climate warming releases soil carbon. Introducing lowland plants to alpine areas amplifies this carbon loss, potentially accelerating climate change by increasing soil respiration and CO2 release.

Keywords:
carbon cyclingclimate changeecologyplant ecophysiologyplant redistributionsplant–soil interactionssoil microbes

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Climate Science
  • Biogeochemistry

Background:

  • Climate warming drives soil carbon release, a positive climate feedback loop.
  • Species range expansions are occurring globally due to warming, altering ecosystem composition.
  • The impact of range-expanding species on soil carbon dynamics under warming remains largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how the establishment of lowland herbaceous plants in alpine ecosystems affects soil carbon content under warming conditions.
  • To determine if introduced lowland plants amplify or buffer climate warming-induced soil carbon loss.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized two whole-community transplant experiments to simulate warming and species introduction.
  • Conducted a follow-up glasshouse experiment to further assess plant-soil interactions.
  • Measured changes in soil carbon content in response to warming and lowland plant establishment.

Main Results:

  • Warming alone caused a negligible decrease in alpine soil carbon.
  • The presence of lowland plants significantly amplified soil carbon loss under warming by 52% ± 31%.
  • Lowland plants increased root exudation, soil microbial respiration, and CO2 release, driving carbon loss.

Conclusions:

  • Warming-induced range expansion of herbaceous plants can significantly alter soil carbon dynamics.
  • Plant range expansions may act as an overlooked mediator of climate warming effects on soil carbon.
  • These findings highlight the potential for altered climate feedbacks from ecosystems experiencing species range shifts.