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Supragastric belching: Pathogenesis, diagnostic issues and treatment
Stefan L Popa1, Teodora Surdea-Blaga1, Liliana David1
1Second Medical Department, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Summary
Excessive belching can be a disorder if bothersome and frequent. This review explores supragastric belching, its causes, diagnosis, and links to reflux and psychological factors, offering treatment insights.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Digestive Health
- Esophageal Disorders
Background:
- Belching is the audible release of air from the esophagus or stomach.
- Pathologic belching is excessive, bothersome, and impacts daily activities, meeting Rome IV criteria if occurring over 3 days/week.
- Supragastric belching is a type of belching distinct from gastric belching.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the pathogenesis and diagnosis of supragastric belching.
- To investigate the relationship between supragastric belching, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and psychological factors.
- To present treatment options for supragastric belching.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of supragastric belching.
- Utilizing esophageal impedance to differentiate between gastric and supragastric belching.
- Analysis of studies examining the association with GERD and psychological conditions.
Main Results:
- Supragastric belching involves air swallowing and upper esophageal sphincter relaxation, differing from gastric belching.
- Esophageal impedance is a key diagnostic tool.
- Strong associations exist between supragastric belching, GERD symptoms, and anxiety/depression.
Conclusions:
- Supragastric belching is a distinct disorder often linked to GERD and psychological distress.
- Accurate diagnosis using esophageal impedance is crucial.
- Integrated treatment approaches addressing both reflux and psychological components are recommended.
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