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After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Insulin-Producing Islet Clusters
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Stem Cell-Derived Islets for Type 2 Diabetes.

Andrew Salib1, Fritz Cayabyab1, Eiji Yoshihara1,2

  • 1Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|May 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human pluripotent stem cell-derived islets offer new hope for type 2 diabetes (T2D) treatment. These advanced therapies may help understand T2D causes and provide long-term solutions beyond insulin injections.

Keywords:
IAPPdiabetesdisease modelingglucolipotoxicityhuman islet-like organoidsstem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Insulin injection remains a primary treatment for type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) for a century.
  • Type 2 diabetes involves beta cell dysfunction and insulin resistance, with current therapies only partially compensating for insulin's functions.
  • Existing insulin injection treatments lack the precise glucose regulation of endogenous beta cells, failing to address the disease's root causes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the efficacy of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived islets for treating and understanding T2D.
  • To highlight the importance of beta cells as a primary target for T2D management.
  • To explore the potential of stem cell-based modeling and hPSC-derived islet transplantation for T2D.

Main Methods:

  • This is a perspective review, synthesizing existing evidence and research directions.
  • Discussion focuses on the role of beta cells in T2D pathogenesis.
  • Exploration of stem cell applications in T2D research and therapy.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests beta cells are a critical target for T2D treatment.
  • hPSC-derived islets show promise for disease modeling.
  • hPSC-derived islet transplantation is a potential therapeutic strategy for T2D.

Conclusions:

  • hPSC-derived islets are crucial for advancing T2D research and treatment.
  • Stem cell technologies offer a path towards understanding and managing T2D more effectively.
  • Future research should focus on the therapeutic potential of hPSC-derived islets for long-term T2D management.