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Related Concept Videos

Mortar01:29

Mortar

321
Mortar, a mixture of Portland cement, hydrated lime, sand, and water, is a crucial binding material in construction. Its primary function is to join masonry units together, filling gaps and ensuring a uniform distribution of weight across the structure. This helps in preventing potential weaknesses. Mortar also serves as a protective barrier against environmental elements such as water and wind, thereby safeguarding the interior of the structure. It also compensates for surface irregularities...
321
Mortar Properties01:17

Mortar Properties

194
Mortar properties encompass a range of characteristics crucial for construction and masonry work, including workability, water retention, bond strength, durability, compressive strength, volume change, and appearance. Workability refers to mortar's ability to be easily applied and manipulated without sagging or falling off surfaces, which is important for efficient masonry unit placement and alignment. Water retention is essential to prevent the mortar from losing moisture too quickly to...
194
Mortar Joint Deterioration in Masonry01:13

Mortar Joint Deterioration in Masonry

167
Mortar joint deterioration is a significant concern in masonry structures, with water accumulation in the joints leading to damage from freeze-thaw cycles. The repeated expansion of water during freezing and its melting during thawing develop and propagate cracks in the masonry joints. Eventually, this leads to the spalling of mortar from the joints, loosening masonry units and weakening the structure. The deteriorated mortar joints are also vulnerable to moisture intrusion into the walls.
The...
167
Waterproofing and Anti-Bacterial Admixtures in Concrete01:22

Waterproofing and Anti-Bacterial Admixtures in Concrete

115
Concrete's susceptibility to water absorption is due to the capillary action within the pores of its hydrated cement paste. This action draws water in, creating the need for waterproofing admixtures to prevent such penetration. The efficacy of these admixtures is contingent upon the water pressure, with variations arising from different conditions such as rain, capillary rise, or hydrostatic pressure in structures intended to hold water.
Waterproofing admixtures render concrete hydrophobic,...
115
Mortar Joints in Brick Masonry01:25

Mortar Joints in Brick Masonry

193
Mortar joints play a critical role in brick masonry, filling the spaces between brick to bind them together and provide structural integrity and strength. The thickness of these joints is variable, typically ranging from less than one-fourth inch to over half an inch, based on structural needs and specific applications.
The process of joint tooling is implemented as the mortar begins to harden. This technique involves compacting and shaping the mortar to enhance both the appearance and the...
193
Efflorescence in Masonry01:25

Efflorescence in Masonry

148
Efflorescence in masonry walls appears as a fluffy crystalline powder, often white, resulting from water-soluble salts within the masonry or mortar. When water penetrates the masonry, it dissolves these salts and brings them to the surface, where they are deposited upon evaporation of water.
While initial efflorescence is common post-construction and can be cleaned with water and a brush, in certain instances, efflorescence can reappear and gradually diminish over time as salts are leached out...
148

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Antifouling Mortars for Underwater Restoration.

Michela Ricca1, Silvestro Antonio Ruffolo1, Mauro Francesco La Russa1

  • 1Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra, Università della Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study evaluated underwater mortars with magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) for improved antifouling properties. Results show good mechanical strength and enhanced resistance to biofouling in both lab and real-world conditions.

Keywords:
biofoulinggeomaterialsmagnesium hydroxidemortarsnanoparticlesrestorationsubmerged sites

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Marine Engineering
  • Corrosion Science

Background:

  • Underwater construction requires materials with excellent mechanical properties and resistance to biofouling.
  • Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) is explored as a potential antifouling agent in cementitious materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the compositional features, mechanical performance, and antifouling capabilities of two underwater mortars containing Mg(OH)2.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of Mg(OH)2 as an antifouling agent in marine environments.

Main Methods:

  • Mechanical characterization: Uniaxial compressive strength and flexural strength tests.
  • Compositional analysis: Differential thermal/thermogravimetric analysis (DTA-TG), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRPD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with EDS microanalysis.
  • Antifouling assessment: Colorimetric and image analysis of biological colonization on laboratory and sea-exposed specimens.

Main Results:

  • Both formulated mortars demonstrated good mechanical resistance after underwater setting.
  • The inclusion of Mg(OH)2 significantly improved the mortars' resistance to biofouling.
  • Enhanced antifouling performance was confirmed in both controlled laboratory tests and natural sea exposure.

Conclusions:

  • The developed underwater mortars exhibit promising mechanical properties for marine applications.
  • Magnesium hydroxide effectively enhances the antifouling performance of underwater mortars, reducing biological colonization.
  • These findings support the use of Mg(OH)2-containing mortars for durable underwater structures.