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Shear-Driven Solidification and Nonlinear Elasticity in Epithelial Tissues.

Junxiang Huang1, James O Cochran2, Suzanne M Fielding2

  • 1Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|May 16, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Living tissues can transition from fluid-like to solid-like states when subjected to shear stress. This shear-driven rigidity is explained by critical scaling analysis near a liquid-solid transition point.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Biological processes generate shear stresses in living tissues.
  • Mechanisms of force transmission and collective tissue response to shear deformation are poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the constitutive relation of confluent tissues under shear deformation.
  • Understand the transition from fluid-like to solid-like behavior in tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a minimal cell-based computational model.
  • Applied simple shear deformation to simulate tissue response.
  • Performed critical scaling analysis near a liquid-solid transition point.

Main Results:

  • Initially fluid-like tissues gain rigidity above a critical applied strain (shear-driven rigidity).
  • This rigidity is linked to a second-order critical point governing the liquid-solid transition.
  • Solid-like tissues exhibit linear response to small strains, transitioning to nonlinear stiffening at larger strains.

Conclusions:

  • Shear stress induces a phase transition in confluent tissues, akin to soft matter systems.
  • A mean-field formulation provides a physical explanation for shear-driven rigidity and nonlinear tissue response.