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Updated: Sep 23, 2025
07:02
The Preparation and Properties of Thermo-reversibly Cross-linked Rubber Via Diels-Alder Chemistry
Published on: August 25, 2016
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Volatile organic compounds emission in the rubber products manufacturing processes
Haimei Huang1, Zhangwei Wang1, Chunhao Dai2
1Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
Environmental Research
|May 16, 2022
Summary
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from rubber manufacturing, particularly vulcanization, significantly contribute to ozone formation. Mixing processes pose the highest carcinogenic risk due to specific solvent and raw rubber emissions.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Chemistry
- Industrial Emissions
- Air Quality
Background:
- Rubber product manufacturing releases significant volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
- Understanding VOC profiles is crucial for assessing environmental and health impacts.
- China's rubber industry is a major contributor to industrial VOC emissions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate VOC emission profiles from rubber product manufacturing processes.
- To quantify the photochemical ozone formation potential (OFP) and carcinogenic risk (CR) of emitted VOCs.
- To estimate total VOC emissions from China's tire manufacturing sector.
Main Methods:
- Source emission air sampling using pre-vacuumized stainless steel canisters.
- Analysis of VOC species by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-flame ionization detection (GC/MS-FID).
- Calculation of photochemical ozone formation potential (OFP) and carcinogenic risk (CR).
Main Results:
- Identified 107 VOC species across mixing, shaping, and vulcanization processes.
- Vulcanization emissions showed the highest OFP, driven by naphthalene, xylenes, and carbon disulfide.
- Mixing process emissions presented the highest CR, primarily from 1,2-dibromoethane, 1,2-dichlorethane, and 1,3-butadiene.
- Shaping process emissions were dominated by C6-C8 alkanes.
Conclusions:
- Vulcanization and mixing processes are key sources of high OFP and CR VOCs in rubber manufacturing.
- Total VOC emissions from China's tire manufacturing in 2018 were substantial (7.58 × 10^5 t).
- Rubber industry VOCs represent a significant portion (approx. 9%) of total industrial process emissions.
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