Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 22, 2025

Looking for Driver Pathways of Acquired Resistance to Targeted Therapy: Drug Resistant Subclone Generation and Sensitivity Restoring by Gene Knock-down
08:59

Looking for Driver Pathways of Acquired Resistance to Targeted Therapy: Drug Resistant Subclone Generation and Sensitivity Restoring by Gene Knock-down

Published on: December 11, 2017

7.3K

Dodging the bullet: therapeutic resistance mechanisms in pediatric cancers

Nilay Shah1,2

  • 1Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.

Cancer Drug Resistance (Alhambra, Calif.)
|May 18, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric cancer survival is improving, but drug resistance remains a challenge. This review covers known resistance mechanisms in pediatric cancers and discusses new research areas.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Cancer Pharmacology
  • Molecular Oncology

Background:

  • Pediatric cancer survival rates exceed 80% due to treatment advances.
  • Drug resistance significantly limits survival for many pediatric cancer patients.
  • Understanding resistance mechanisms is crucial for improving treatment outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review known mechanisms of drug resistance in pediatric cancers.
  • To compare resistance mechanisms between pediatric and adult cancers.
  • To explore emerging research areas in pediatric cancer drug resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of established and novel drug resistance mechanisms.
  • Comparative analysis of pediatric versus adult cancer resistance.
  • Synthesis of current research on extracellular and immune factors in resistance.

Main Results:

  • Drug resistance impacts conventional chemotherapies, targeted small molecule antineoplastic drugs, and monoclonal antibodies.
  • Similarities and differences exist in resistance patterns between pediatric and adult cancers.
  • Extracellular and immune factors represent novel frontiers in understanding drug resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Despite survival improvements, drug resistance remains a critical barrier in pediatric oncology.
  • A comprehensive understanding of resistance mechanisms, including novel factors, is essential for developing more effective therapies.
  • Further research into extracellular and immune influences may unlock new therapeutic strategies for overcoming pediatric cancer drug resistance.
Keywords:
BCL2Tumor microenvironmentchemoresistancedrug effluxinhibition of apoptosispediatric cancer

More Related Videos

Implementation of In Vitro Drug Resistance Assays: Maximizing the Potential for Uncovering Clinically Relevant Resistance Mechanisms08:46

Implementation of In Vitro Drug Resistance Assays: Maximizing the Potential for Uncovering Clinically Relevant Resistance Mechanisms

Published on: December 9, 2015

10.7K
Pooled shRNA Library Screening to Identify Factors that Modulate a Drug Resistance Phenotype14:51

Pooled shRNA Library Screening to Identify Factors that Modulate a Drug Resistance Phenotype

Published on: June 17, 2022

3.3K

Related Concept Videos

Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
3.4K
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
7.8K
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
5.1K
Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
5.1K
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
681
Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

Mitogens and the Cell Cycle

Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
7.0K