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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Systemic Arteries01:11

Overview of Systemic Arteries

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The human body is a complex, well-organized machine, and at the heart of its operations lies the circulatory system. This network of blood vessels, which includes systemic arteries, plays a vital role in maintaining life by transporting nutrients, oxygen, and waste products to and from cells throughout the body.
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Arteries of the Head and Neck01:26

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The human body's intricate network of arteries ensures that every organ system receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for optimal function. The arterial network in the head and neck region is particularly complex, providing vital blood flow to the brain, eyes, and other critical structures. Prominent arteries in this region include the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
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Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Vascular Spasm01:16

Vascular Spasm

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The vascular phase, also known as vasospasm, is the initial stage of hemostasis, crucial for preventing excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. After a vessel is cut, nerves in the damaged area trigger pain and other sensory impulses. Simultaneously, the smooth muscles in the vessel wall contract, resulting in a vascular spasm. This contraction reduces the vessel's diameter at the injury site, slowing or stopping blood loss through the vessel wall. Vascular spasms typically last...
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Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:21

Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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Thoracic, aortic arch and abdominal aneurysms are significant vascular conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations and lead to serious complications. Understanding these manifestations and the appropriate diagnostic studies is essential for effective management and treatment.Thoracic Aortic AneurysmsThoracic aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they reach a size that impinges on adjacent structures. They typically cause deep, diffuse chest pain that radiates to...
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Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

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The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
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Updated: Sep 22, 2025

Visualizing Impairment of the Endothelial and Glial Barriers of the Neurovascular Unit during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis In Vivo
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[Primary CNS Vasculitis - An Overview].

Helly Hammer1, Nicole Kamber1, Christoph Friedli1

  • 1Universitätsklinik für Neurologie, Inselspital, Universitätsspital Bern und Universität Bern.

Therapeutische Umschau. Revue Therapeutique
|May 18, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primary central nervous system (CNS) vasculitis involves rare inflammation of CNS blood vessels. Early diagnosis and long-term immunotherapy are vital for managing this condition and preventing recurrence.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • Primary central nervous system (CNS) vasculitis is a rare inflammatory condition affecting small and medium CNS blood vessels.
  • The exact cause of primary CNS vasculitis remains unknown, though infectious triggers activating the immune system are suspected.
  • Clinical presentation is diverse, often including headache, memory issues, and other neurological deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of primary CNS vasculitis.
  • To highlight the importance of diagnostic work-up and treatment strategies.
  • To emphasize the need for long-term management due to recurrence risk.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current knowledge on primary CNS vasculitis.
  • Discussion of diagnostic approaches.
  • Overview of treatment modalities, including immunotherapy.

Main Results:

  • Primary CNS vasculitis is characterized by heterogeneous clinical presentations.
  • A comprehensive diagnostic evaluation is essential before initiating treatment.
  • Immunotherapy, involving pulse and maintenance regimens, is the cornerstone of treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Primary CNS vasculitis requires prompt diagnosis and aggressive, long-term management.
  • Neurological follow-up is critical to monitor for disease recurrence.
  • Understanding the pathogenesis may lead to improved therapeutic strategies.