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Related Concept Videos

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Ferromagnetism

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

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Superconductor01:24

Superconductor

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A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

2.6K
Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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Recording Temperature with Magnetic Supraparticles.

Jakob Reichstein1, Stephan Müssig1, Hannes Bauer1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|May 21, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New magnetic temperature indicators using supraparticles (SPs) autonomously record thermal history. These micrometer-sized additives offer reliable, contactless maximum-temperature detection, even in opaque materials.

Keywords:
magnetic particle spectroscopymagnetic recorderssmart additivessupraparticlestemperature indicators

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Temperature indicator additives autonomously record thermal events via irreversible signal changes.
  • Applications include monitoring cold-chain integrity, electronic device failure, and material curing.
  • Current optical indicators have limitations, especially with opaque materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce maximum-temperature indicators with magnetic readout based on micrometer-sized supraparticles (SPs).
  • Develop a method for determining temperature information from the bulk of objects, independent of optical properties.
  • Expand the applicability of temperature indicators beyond current optical limitations.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of hierarchically structured supraparticles (SPs) from iron oxide nanoparticles and thermoplastic polymer.
  • Utilizing irreversible structural changes induced by polymer softening for magnetic signal transduction.
  • Employing magnetic readout for contactless and self-referenced signal detection.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated magnetic signal transduction independent of material optical properties, enabling bulk temperature sensing.
  • Achieved customizable working range, response time, and sensitivity through a toolbox-like manufacturing approach.
  • Confirmed fast, contactless, and self-referenced detection of magnetic signal changes.

Conclusions:

  • Magnetic readout supraparticles offer a novel approach for autonomous temperature event recording.
  • These indicators are particularly valuable for opaque and dark materials where optical methods fail.
  • The customizable nature and robust magnetic signal expand the utility of temperature monitoring technologies.