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Updated: Sep 22, 2025

Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst
Published on: June 8, 2016
Shuttling Catalyst for Living Radical Miniemulsion Polymerization: Thermoresponsive Ligand for Efficient Catalysis
Elijah Bultz1,2, Makoto Ouchi2, Keita Nishizawa2
1Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
Abstract:
In this report, we demonstrate the use of a thermoresponsive ligand for the ruthenium-catalyzed living radical polymerization of butyl methacrylate (BMA) in miniemulsion. A phosphine-ligand-functionalized polyethylene glycol chain (PPEG) in conjunction with a Cp*-based ruthenium complex (Cp*: pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) provided thermoresponsive character as well as catalysis for living polymerization: the complex migrated from the water phase to the oil phase for polymerization upon heating and then migrated from the oil to water phase when the temperature was decreased to quench polymerization. Consequently, simple treatment (i.e., water washing or methanol reprecipitation) yielded metal-free polymeric particles containing less than 10 μg/g (by ICP-AES) of ruthenium residue.
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