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Slow fluctuations in ongoing brain activity decrease in amplitude with ageing yet their impact on task-related evoked

Maria Ribeiro1,2, Miguel Castelo-Branco1,2

  • 1CIBIT-ICNAS, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.

Elife
|May 24, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Older adults show decreased brain signal variability but not increased behavioral variability. This is because ongoing brain signals modulate evoked responses, a factor critical for understanding aging brain dynamics and behavior.

Keywords:
EEGagingbrain variabilityhumanneurosciencepupilreaction time variability

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Aging
  • Human Electrophysiology

Background:

  • Aging is associated with reduced brain signal variability and increased behavioral variability.
  • The relationship between neural signal dynamics and behavioral variability in aging remains unclear.
  • Understanding how ongoing brain activity influences task-related responses is crucial for aging research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between reaction time variability, evoked brain responses, and ongoing brain signal dynamics in young and older adults.
  • To determine how reduced brain signal variability in older adults relates to behavioral variability.
  • To explore the role of ongoing electroencephalogram (EEG) signals in modulating evoked cortical and arousal responses.

Main Methods:

  • Studied electroencephalogram (EEG) and pupil size fluctuations in young (N=36) and older adults (N=39) during a cued go/no-go task.
  • Analyzed the modulation of evoked brain responses by slow (<2 Hz) fluctuations of ongoing EEG signals.
  • Quantified reaction time variability and its relationship with neural signal dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Older participants showed reduced power in slow (<2 Hz) ongoing EEG signals.
  • Evoked brain responses were less variable in older adults, but this difference disappeared after adjusting for ongoing signal fluctuations.
  • Modulation of evoked responses by ongoing signals did not impact reaction time, explaining preserved behavioral variability in older adults.

Conclusions:

  • Adjusting for ongoing brain signal fluctuations is critical for accurately assessing neural response variability in aging.
  • The findings explain why reduced neural variability does not necessarily lead to increased behavioral variability in older adults.
  • This study highlights the importance of considering ongoing brain dynamics to understand the neural basis of behavior and its changes with age.