Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 22, 2025

Quantification of Plasmid-Mediated Antibiotic Resistance in an Experimental Evolution Approach
Published on: December 14, 2019
Evolution of resistance (R) gene specificity
Hanna Märkle1, Isabel M L Saur2,3, Remco Stam4
1Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, U.S.A.
Abstract:
Plant resistance (R) genes are members of large gene families with significant within and between species variation. It has been hypothesised that a variety of processes have shaped R gene evolution and the evolution of R gene specificity. In this review, we illustrate the main mechanisms that generate R gene diversity and provide examples of how they can change R gene specificity. Next, we explain which evolutionary mechanisms are at play and how they determine the fate of new R gene alleles and R genes. Finally, we place this in a larger context by comparing the diversity and evolution of R gene specificity within and between species scales.
Related Concept Videos
Antibiotic Selection
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?
In contrast, regions which code...
Development of Antibiotic Resistance
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
Exon Recombination
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...

