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Is Bitcoin's Carbon Footprint Persistent? Multifractal Evidence and Policy Implications.

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Summary

Bitcoin mining

Keywords:
Bitcoin carbon footprintBitcoin miningFIGARCHHurst exponentMFDFAenergy consumptionlong memorypermanent policy

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Computer Science
  • Economics

Background:

  • Bitcoin mining is energy-intensive, posing risks to ecological balance.
  • High energy consumption in Bitcoin could lead to lasting policy implications.
  • The study addresses the environmental impact of Bitcoin's energy demands.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze long memory in Bitcoin Energy Consumption Index (BECI) data.
  • To determine if Bitcoin's energy consumption patterns necessitate permanent policy interventions.
  • To investigate the persistence of energy consumption in Bitcoin mining.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized fractionally integrated GARCH (FIGARCH) and multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA).
  • Estimated the fractional integrating parameter and computed the Hurst exponent to measure long memory.
  • Analyzed daily BECI data (upper bound, lower bound, average) from February 2017 to January 2022.

Main Results:

  • Found strong autocorrelation in distant series observations, indicating long memory in most BECI data.
  • Observed mean-reversion in the first difference of the data series.
  • Confirmed the persistent nature of Bitcoin's energy consumption patterns.

Conclusions:

  • The presence of long memory supports the implementation of permanent policies for alternative energy in Bitcoin mining.
  • Transitory policies may become ineffective due to the persistent nature of energy consumption.
  • Alternative consensus mechanisms (proof-of-stake, proof-of-space) or carbon policies (taxes, credits) are suggested to mitigate environmental damage.