Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Network Function of a Circuit01:25

Network Function of a Circuit

408
Frequency response analysis in electrical circuits provides vital insights into a circuit's behavior as the frequency of the input signal changes. The transfer function, a mathematical tool, is instrumental in understanding this behavior. It defines the relationship between phasor output and input and comes in four types: voltage gain, current gain, transfer impedance, and transfer admittance. The critical components of the transfer function are the poles and zeros.
408
LC Circuits01:21

LC Circuits

2.7K
An LC circuit consists of an inductor and a capacitor, either in series or parallel. Consider a charged capacitor connected with an inductor in series. Before the switch is closed, all the energy of the circuit is stored in the electric field of the capacitor. When the switch is closed, the capacitor begins to discharge, producing a current in the circuit. The current, in turn, creates a magnetic field in the inductor. Because of the induced emf in the inductor, the current cannot change...
2.7K
Neuronal Communication01:28

Neuronal Communication

1.5K
Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, communicate through complex electrochemical signals that underpin all cognitive and bodily functions. This communication is primarily facilitated by a process involving the generation and propagation of an action potential along the axon of the neuron. When the internal electrical charge of a neuron surpasses a certain threshold, an action potential is triggered. This rapid change in voltage travels swiftly along the axon to the...
1.5K
Introduction to Global Positioning System01:30

Introduction to Global Positioning System

153
The Global Positioning System (GPS) revolutionized positioning on Earth, providing precise location data through satellite ranging. The GPS system was developed in 1978 by the U.S. Department of Defense  for military use, and it became available for civilian applications in 1983, transforming fields including navigation, fleet management, and time synchronization for telecommunications systems.GPS consists of satellites in medium Earth orbit, about 20,200 kilometers above the surface,...
153
Transmission Line Design Considerations01:23

Transmission Line Design Considerations

222
Aluminum has become the material of choice for overhead transmission lines, surpassing copper due to its abundance and cost-effectiveness. The most prevalent type is the aluminum conductor, steel-reinforced (ACSR), which combines aluminum strands around a steel core. Other variants include all-aluminum conductors (AAC), all-aluminum alloy conductors (AAAC), aluminum conductor alloy-reinforced (ACAR), and aluminum-clad steel conductors. Advanced designs, such as aluminum conductors with steel...
222
Propagation Speed of Electromagnetic Waves01:30

Propagation Speed of Electromagnetic Waves

4.0K
Electromagnetic waves are consistent with Ampere's law. Assuming there is no conduction current Ampere's law is given as:
4.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Securing IoT Networks from DDoS Attacks Using a Temporary Dynamic IP Strategy.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2024
Same author

Machine and Deep Learning Approaches Applied to Classify Gougerot-Sjögren Syndrome and Jointly Segment Salivary Glands.

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)·2023
Same author

Advanced Topics and Smart Systems for Wireless Communications and Networks.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2023
Same author

Establishment of an Electro-Optical Mixing Design on a Photonic SOA-MZI Using a Differential Modulation Arrangement.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2023
Same author

In-Network Data Aggregation for Ad Hoc Clustered Cognitive Radio Wireless Sensor Network.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2021
Same author

Energy and Performance Analysis of Lossless Compression Algorithms for Wireless EMG Sensors.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 21, 2025

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
05:30

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

Published on: September 8, 2023

672

LoRaCog: A Protocol for Cognitive Radio-Based LoRa Network.

Firas Salika1, Abbass Nasser1,2, Maxime Mroue3

  • 1Intelligent Computing and Communication Systems Lab, Computer Science Department, American University of Culture and Education, Beirut 1507, Lebanon.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

LoRaCog introduces Cognitive Radio (CR) to LoRaWAN, enabling access to unused licensed spectrum for improved efficiency without draining device batteries. This cognitive radio approach significantly reduces packet rejection rates, enhancing IoT network performance.

Keywords:
IoTLPWANLoRaCogLoRaWANcognitive radiolicensed spectrumprimary usersrejected packet ratesecondary usersunlicensed spectrum

More Related Videos

Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets
07:45

Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets

Published on: February 6, 2014

11.0K
Integration of 5G Experimentation Infrastructures into a Multi-Site NFV Ecosystem
10:15

Integration of 5G Experimentation Infrastructures into a Multi-Site NFV Ecosystem

Published on: February 3, 2021

3.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 21, 2025

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
05:30

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

Published on: September 8, 2023

672
Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets
07:45

Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets

Published on: February 6, 2014

11.0K
Integration of 5G Experimentation Infrastructures into a Multi-Site NFV Ecosystem
10:15

Integration of 5G Experimentation Infrastructures into a Multi-Site NFV Ecosystem

Published on: February 3, 2021

3.9K

Area of Science:

  • Wireless Communication Networks
  • Internet of Things (IoT)
  • Spectrum Management

Background:

  • LoRaWAN, a popular Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) protocol for IoT, operates on the unlicensed Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band.
  • The increasing demand for IoT is leading to congestion in the unlicensed spectrum, while licensed spectrum remains underutilized.
  • This imbalance necessitates innovative solutions for efficient spectrum utilization in LPWANs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a new protocol, LoRaCog, integrating Cognitive Radio (CR) concepts into the LoRaWAN network.
  • To enhance spectrum efficiency and reduce congestion in LoRa networks by utilizing unutilized licensed spectrum.
  • To maintain the low power consumption crucial for battery-operated IoT devices.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of Cognitive Radio (CR) principles within the LoRa network architecture.
  • Modification of LoRaWAN components: End Device (ED) receive window RX2 rearrangement.
  • Gateway (GW) based spectrum sensing to identify unused channels and Network Server (NS) for channel selection decisions.

Main Results:

  • LoRaCog demonstrated a significant decrease in rejected packet rates (over 50%) compared to standard LoRaWAN.
  • Simulations showed a 24% rejection rate for LoRaCog versus over 50% for LoRaWAN in a congested environment using two channels.
  • LoRaCog requires fewer Gateways (GWs) to cover the same area, indicating improved network infrastructure efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • LoRaCog effectively addresses spectrum congestion in LoRaWAN by leveraging opportunistic access to licensed spectrum.
  • The protocol maintains LoRaWAN's low power consumption, preserving battery life for IoT end devices.
  • LoRaCog offers a flexible and efficient solution for spectrum utilization, reducing packet loss and infrastructure costs.