Exosomes in atherosclerosis: Convergence on macrophages

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Biology
• Cellular and Molecular Medicine
• Nanomedicine

Background:

• Macrophages are central to atherosclerosis (AS) development and progression, making them critical therapeutic targets.
• Exosomes, biocompatible nanoparticles, show promise as drug carriers and imaging agents.
• The intricate relationship between macrophages and exosomes in AS pathogenesis warrants detailed investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the multifaceted roles of macrophages in atherosclerosis, including their plasticity and heterogeneity.
• To explore the clinical applications of targeting macrophage-associated exosomes in AS.
• To highlight the potential of macrophage-associated exosomes in cell phenotypic transformation within AS.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review focusing on macrophage biology in AS.
• Analysis of exosome characteristics and targeting capabilities.
• Synthesis of current research on macrophage-associated exosomes in AS pathology and clinical translation.

Main Results:

• Macrophages exhibit significant plasticity and heterogeneity, influencing AS progression.
• Macrophage-associated exosomes play a crucial role in cellular phenotypic changes during AS.
• Targeting these exosomes offers novel strategies for AS diagnosis and treatment.

Conclusions:

• Macrophage-associated exosomes represent a promising avenue for developing diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions for atherosclerosis.
• Understanding exosome-mediated communication in AS can lead to targeted drug delivery and improved imaging.
• Further research into macrophage-associated exosomes could revolutionize AS management.