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Related Concept Videos

The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
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Development of Artificial Intelligence for Parathyroid Recognition During Endoscopic Thyroid Surgery.

Bo Wang1,2, Jing Zheng1,3, Jia-Fan Yu1

  • 1Department of Thyroid Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.

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|May 31, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

An artificial intelligence (AI) model, PTAIR, was developed to identify parathyroid glands during endoscopic surgery. PTAIR demonstrated a higher identification rate than junior surgeons and earlier recognition than senior surgeons, aiding surgical outcomes.

Keywords:
artificial intelligencedeep learningendoscopyparathyroidthyroidectomy

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Area of Science:

  • Surgical Technology
  • Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
  • Endoscopic Surgery

Background:

  • Accurate identification of parathyroid glands is crucial during endoscopic thyroidectomy to minimize complications.
  • Visual estimation by surgeons can be variable, especially for junior surgeons.
  • AI offers potential for objective and consistent identification support.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate an AI model for parathyroid gland identification during endoscopic procedures.
  • To compare the AI model's performance against senior and junior surgeons' visual estimations.
  • To assess the AI model's potential to improve surgical outcomes and training.

Main Methods:

  • Deep learning algorithms (YOLO V3, Faster R-CNN, Cascade) were trained on 1,700 labeled images from 166 endoscopic thyroidectomy videos.
  • The optimal algorithm, Faster R-CNN, was refined into the Parathyroid gland Recognition (PTAIR) AI model.
  • PTAIR's performance was validated on an independent external cohort of 20 videos, comparing identification rates, recognition times, and tracking periods with surgeons.

Main Results:

  • The Faster R-CNN algorithm, optimized as PTAIR, achieved precision, recall, and F1 scores of 88.7%, 92.3%, and 90.5%, respectively.
  • In the external cohort, PTAIR's parathyroid identification rate was 96.9%, significantly higher than junior (71.9%) and senior (87.5%) surgeons.
  • PTAIR identified glands 3.83 seconds earlier and tracked them 62.82 seconds longer than senior surgeons.

Conclusions:

  • The PTAIR AI model can achieve earlier parathyroid gland identification and continuous tracking during endoscopic surgery.
  • PTAIR's identification rate surpasses junior surgeons and matches senior surgeons.
  • AI systems like PTAIR show promise for enhancing surgical outcomes and accelerating surgeon education.