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Updated: Sep 21, 2025

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator
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Sign-singularity solution in single-frame speckle interferometry with vortex-phase modulation.

Yijun Du, Hong Zhao, Zixin Zhao

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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a novel vortex-phase modulation technique to eliminate sign-singularity errors in digital speckle interferometry, enabling accurate out-of-plane deformation measurements.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Metrology
    • Interferometry
    • Phase Measurement

    Background:

    • Digital speckle interferometry (DSI) is a powerful technique for non-contact measurement of surface deformation.
    • Phase ambiguity, specifically sign-singularity, can limit the accuracy of DSI measurements.
    • Vortex-phase modulation offers a potential method to encode phase information.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and validate a sign-singularity solution for single-shot DSI using vortex-phase modulation.
    • To demonstrate the elimination of sign ambiguity in interferometric phase retrieval.
    • To enable accurate out-of-plane deformation measurements with enhanced precision.

    Main Methods:

    • Introduction of vortex phase via a reflective liquid crystal spatial light modulator in the reference beam.
    • Utilizing a single spiral speckle fringe pattern to resolve sign ambiguity.
    • Designing a measurement process based on the modulation principle of vortex phase for effective deformation phase extraction.
    • Theoretical analysis and simulation to support the proposed method.

    Main Results:

    • Successful elimination of sign singularity in the interferometric phase.
    • Accurate retrieval of deformation phase information.
    • Experimental validation of the method for out-of-plane deformation measurement.
    • Demonstration of a single-shot measurement capability.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed vortex-phase modulation method effectively resolves sign singularity in DSI.
    • The technique is feasible for accurate out-of-plane deformation measurements.
    • The method shows potential for real-world dynamic measurement applications.