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Updated: Sep 21, 2025

Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures
Published on: November 11, 2016
Neurobiology of Circadian Rhythm Regulation
Alan M Rosenwasser1, Fred W Turek2
1Department of Psychology, School of Biology and Ecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, 5742 Little Hall, Orono, ME 04467, USA.
Abstract:
In this review, we provide a summary of the field of mammalian circadian neurobiology circa 2015. While many additional details have emerged in the intervening 7 years, understanding of the fundamental structure and function of this critical neural system remains intact. Thus, the present review continues to provide a valuable introduction for those seeking an integrative multilevel overview of the circadian system. In brief, the circadian system comprises a coupled network of molecular/cellular- and tissue-level oscillators, hierarchically coordinated by the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclear circadian pacemaker, and entrained by both photic and nonphotic signals.
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