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The Thyroid Gland

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...

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Updated: Sep 20, 2025

Transoral Robotic Total Thyroidectomy and Bilateral Central Regional Lymph Node Dissection for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Transoral Robotic Total Thyroidectomy and Bilateral Central Regional Lymph Node Dissection for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Published on: September 15, 2023

Thyroidectomy for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.

¹Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong. cylo@hku.hk.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)

|June 7, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Papillary thyroid carcinoma incidence is rising due to incidental findings. Management is shifting towards less invasive approaches, including active surveillance for low-risk cases.

Keywords:

Diagnosis Papillary thyroid carcinoma Postoperative complications and management Preoperative preparation Radioiodine ablation Surgical technique Surgical treatment Thyroidectomy

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Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Surgical Oncology
Oncology

Background:

Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine malignancy.
Recent increases in incidence are primarily due to incidental detection of small tumors (microcarcinoma).

Purpose of the Study:

To review the evolving surgical management of thyroid carcinoma.
To highlight a risk-based approach to avoid overtreatment.

Main Methods:

Review of current trends in thyroid carcinoma management.
Analysis of risk stratification for surgical intervention.

Main Results:

Hemithyroidectomy is recommended for low-risk carcinoma.
Routine prophylactic central nodal dissections are being avoided.
Postoperative radioiodine ablation threshold is higher after total thyroidectomy.
Active observation/surveillance is a viable option for papillary microcarcinoma.

Conclusions:

Surgical management of thyroid carcinoma is becoming less aggressive.
A risk-based approach minimizes overtreatment.
Active surveillance is a safe alternative for select papillary microcarcinoma patients.