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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.

Catalysis

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

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Published on: April 10, 2018

CO₂ Hydrogenation Catalyzed by Graphene-Based Materials.

Maria Mihet¹, Monica Dan¹, Mihaela D Lazar¹

¹National Institute for Research & Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies-INCDTIM, 67-103 Donat Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

|June 10, 2022

Summary

Graphene-based materials show promise as catalysts for carbon dioxide (CO2) hydrogenation, aiding decarbonization. Further research is needed to fully understand graphene

Keywords:

CO2 Fischer–Tropsch CO2 methanation CO2 to formic acid CO2 to methanol N-dopped graphenes graphene catalysts reduced graphene oxide

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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

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Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

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Tuning the Acidity of Pt/ CNTs Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Diphenyl Ether

Tuning the Acidity of Pt/ CNTs Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Diphenyl Ether

Published on: August 17, 2019

Area of Science:

Catalysis
Materials Science
Chemical Engineering

Background:

Growing industrial interest in abating carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions.
CO2 hydrogenation offers a pathway to produce valuable chemicals and fuels, supporting energy sector decarbonization.
Catalyst selection is crucial for enhancing CO2 hydrogenation efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and discuss the current literature on graphene-based materials for CO2 hydrogenation.
To analyze the use of graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, and N-doped graphenes as metal-free catalysts or supports.
To explore various CO2 hydrogenation reactions including methanation, methanol synthesis, formic acid production, and syngas generation.

Main Methods:

Literature review of published research on graphene-based catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation.
Discussion of catalytic performance, reaction mechanisms, and the role of graphene supports.
Analysis of specific reactions: CO2 methanation, methanol synthesis, formic acid production, high hydrocarbon synthesis, and syngas production.

Main Results:

Graphene-based materials are increasingly studied as catalysts or supports for CO2 hydrogenation.
Graphene's primary role observed is in dispersing and stabilizing metal/oxide nanoparticles and preventing metal oxidation.
Several graphene materials (graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, N-doped graphenes) have been investigated.

Conclusions:

Graphene-based materials present significant potential in CO2 hydrogenation catalysis.
The precise catalytic mechanisms involving graphene require further in-depth investigation.
Elucidating graphene's exact role is essential for designing more efficient catalysts for CO2 utilization.