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Photodynamic therapy, a promising treatment approach for cutaneous infectious granulomas
Zhiya Yang1, Chen Liu1, Huabao Xiong2
1The Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272000, China.
Abstract:
Cutaneous infectious granulomas are mainly caused by fungi and bacteria. Antibiotics are the primary therapeutic choices for these diseases, but drug-resistant pathogens have become increasingly prevalent. Thus, there is a need to explore novel approaches to treat cutaneous infectious granulomas. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is widely used as a treatment for various kinds of skin diseases, and evidence has been accumulating that PDT is also effective for the treatment of cutaneous infectious granulomas. In this narrative review, we sought to summarize the recent literature concerning the applications and mechanisms of PDT in the treatment of cutaneous infectious granulomas. Clinical and basic research has demonstrated that PDT is an effective approach in treating fungal infections such as sporotrichosis and chromoblastomycosis. In addition, PDT is also used to treat atypical mycobacterial infections such as Mycobacterium marinum. PDT can significantly shorten the duration of antibiotics treatment, resulting in diminishment of adverse effects. The potential mechanisms of PDT are to kill the pathogens directly or elicit modulatory effects on the immune microenvironments. We conclude that PDT is a promising therapeutic choice for the treatment of cutaneous infectious granulomas.
Insights
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) shows promise for treating skin granulomas caused by fungi and bacteria, offering an alternative to antibiotics. This approach may reduce treatment duration and side effects.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Infectious Diseases
- Photomedicine
Background:
- Cutaneous infectious granulomas are primarily fungal or bacterial infections.
- Antibiotic resistance in these pathogens necessitates alternative treatments.
- Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging treatment option for skin diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the literature on the application and mechanisms of PDT for cutaneous infectious granulomas.
- To evaluate PDT's efficacy against fungal and atypical mycobacterial skin infections.
- To explore PDT's potential to overcome antibiotic resistance.
Main Methods:
- Narrative review of clinical and basic research studies.
- Analysis of evidence for PDT in treating fungal infections (e.g., sporotrichosis, chromoblastomycosis).
- Assessment of PDT's role in treating atypical mycobacterial infections (e.g., Mycobacterium marinum).
Main Results:
- PDT demonstrates effectiveness in treating fungal infections like sporotrichosis and chromoblastomycosis.
- PDT is also effective against atypical mycobacterial infections, including Mycobacterium marinum.
- PDT can reduce the duration of antibiotic therapy and associated adverse effects.
Conclusions:
- Photodynamic therapy is a viable and promising treatment for cutaneous infectious granulomas.
- PDT offers direct pathogen-killing mechanisms and immune microenvironment modulation.
- PDT presents a valuable alternative or adjunct to traditional antibiotic treatments.
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