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Pathogenic associations between oral and gastrointestinal diseases
Kira L Newman1, Nobuhiko Kamada1
1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Trends in Molecular Medicine
|June 12, 2022
Summary
Periodontitis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are linked through oral-gut inflammation pathways. Treating periodontal disease may improve IBD, and IBD treatment may aid periodontal healing, highlighting the need for integrated care.
Area of Science:
- Oral health and gastrointestinal medicine
- Immunology and microbiology
Background:
- Periodontitis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are chronic conditions involving immune dysregulation and altered microbiota.
- Emerging evidence suggests a link between periodontitis and IBD, with shared oral and intestinal inflammatory mechanisms.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the mechanistic links between periodontitis and IBD.
- To review the impact of treating one condition on the other.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies investigating the association between periodontitis and IBD.
- Analysis of proposed direct and indirect pathways connecting oral and gut inflammation.
- Examination of existing data on the effects of periodontal treatment on IBD and vice versa.
Main Results:
- Direct links include microbial translocation from the mouth to the gut and immune priming.
- Indirect pathways involve systemic immune activation affecting the gut.
- Preliminary data suggest periodontal treatment reduces systemic inflammation, and IBD treatment may improve periodontal health.
Conclusions:
- Periodontitis and IBD share common inflammatory pathways, suggesting a bidirectional relationship.
- Integrated management of periodontal disease and IBD is crucial for improving patient outcomes.
- Further research is needed to fully elucidate the impact of treating one condition on the other.
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