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Extraction of Venom and Venom Gland Microdissections from Spiders for Proteomic and Transcriptomic Analyses

Extraction of Venom and Venom Gland Microdissections from Spiders for Proteomic and Transcriptomic Analyses

Published on: November 3, 2014

Comparative Snake Venom Analysis for Facilitating Wildlife Forensics: A Pilot Study.

Saurabh Bhargava^1,2, Kiran Kumari^1,3, Rajendra Kumar Sarin⁴

¹Department of Forensic Science, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India.

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry

|June 13, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Accurate snake venom identification is crucial for wildlife law enforcement against illegal trafficking. This study combined multiple techniques to reliably identify venom species, aiding forensic analysis and commercial quality control.

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Area of Science:

Forensic Science
Toxicology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Species identification is vital for enforcing wildlife laws, especially in illegal snake venom trafficking.
Misidentification of snake venom with other substances and unverified species pose significant challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and propose a standardized template of analytical techniques for authenticating snake venom species.
To aid forensic laboratories in the detection, screening, and confirmatory analysis of suspected snake venoms.
To support legal proceedings in cases of illegal venom trafficking and ensure commercial venom quality.

Main Methods:

Comparative analysis of *Naja naja* and *Daboia russelii* venoms.
Techniques employed: SDS-PAGE, Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis.
mtDNA analysis utilized universal primers targeting the Cytochrome b (*Cyt b*) gene.

Main Results:

Protein concentrations: 76.1% for *Naja naja* and 83.9% for *Daboia russelii*.
SDS-PAGE revealed distinct banding patterns for both venoms.
LC-MS/MS identified 12-14 protein families in each venom. ICP-MS showed differing elemental profiles. mtDNA analysis confirmed species homology.
A comprehensive template of analytical methods with pros and cons was proposed.

Conclusions:

A combination of conventional and advanced techniques provides reliable species identification for snake venoms.
The proposed analytical framework is suitable for forensic applications, including illegal trafficking cases and quality assessment of commercial venoms.
This methodology can enhance the accuracy of forensic investigations and legal actions related to snake venom.