Biomimetic Polyphosphate Materials: Toward Application in Regenerative Medicine

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Regenerative Medicine
• Polymer Chemistry

Background:

• Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is gaining attention as a biomedical polymer.
• PolyP possesses unique properties, including morphogenetic activity and energy storage capabilities, distinguishing it from other biopolymers.
• Its potential in tissue engineering and repair is significant.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the biomedical potential of inorganic polyphosphate (polyP).
• To discuss the unique properties of polyP relevant to regenerative medicine.
• To explore the fabrication and application of polyP-based materials.

Main Methods:

• PolyP fabrication into coacervates and amorphous nano/microparticles.
• Combination of polyP with hydrogel-forming polymers and metal salts.
• Incorporation of cells and drugs for 3D printing and therapeutic delivery.

Main Results:

• PolyP-based hybrid materials exhibit defined porosities, mechanical, and biological properties.
• These materials support stem cell growth, differentiation, migration, and microvascularization.
• PolyP can be formulated into stable particles activated by body fluids.

Conclusions:

• Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is a versatile biomaterial for tissue regeneration and repair.
• Its dual function as a morphogen and energy source is key to its efficacy.
• Potential therapeutic applications include bone, cartilage, and eye disorders, as well as wound healing.