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Thyroid Hormone Metabolism: A Historical Perspective.

Valerie Anne Galton1, Arturo Hernandez2

  • 1Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA.

Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association
|June 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Iodine is crucial for thyroid hormone (TH) production and function. TH metabolism is essential for regulating active hormone levels within tissues, impacting overall thyroid gland action.

Keywords:
deiodinasesthyroxinethyroxine glucuronidethyroxine sulfatetriiodothyronine

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone (TH) synthesis.
  • Thyroid hormones regulate numerous bodily functions.
  • Understanding TH metabolism is key to comprehending thyroid physiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical discoveries and pathways of TH metabolism.
  • To highlight the role of TH metabolism in hormone action and economy.
  • To discuss the significance of TH metabolism in thyroid regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of seminal observations and discoveries.
  • Analysis of evidence on TH metabolism pathways.
  • Synthesis of current concepts in TH metabolism.

Main Results:

  • Multiple pathways of TH metabolism have been identified.
  • TH metabolism actively participates in maintaining hormone levels in target tissues.
  • Metabolism is integral to the thyroid's regulatory functions.

Conclusions:

  • TH metabolism is not just degradation but a critical regulatory process.
  • It plays a vital role in the thyroid's control over various organs.
  • Outstanding questions remain regarding TH metabolism's intricacies.