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Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
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Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Quo vadis reactive arthritis?

Henning Zeidler1, Alan P Hudson2

  • 1Clinic of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.

Current Opinion in Rheumatology
|June 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recent research highlights Human Leukocyte Antigen B27-associated reactive arthritis (ReA) and infection-related arthritides. Post-COVID-19 and vaccination-related arthritis are now recognized as forms of ReA, with new causative agents identified.

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Reactive arthritis (ReA) is an inflammatory condition affecting joints, often triggered by infections.
  • Human Leukocyte Antigen B27 (HLA-B27) is strongly associated with certain types of reactive arthritis.
  • Recent literature explores new understandings of ReA, including infection-related arthritides.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent articles on HLA-B27-associated reactive arthritis (ReA).
  • To discuss emerging infection-related arthritides classified under the umbrella of ReA.
  • To highlight new causative agents and clinical presentations of ReA.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent articles on ReA.
  • Analysis of case reports and series on post-infectious and post-vaccination arthritis.
  • Synthesis of current understanding regarding causative agents and diagnostic approaches.

Main Results:

  • Post-COVID-19 and post-vaccination arthritis are increasingly reported and classified as ReA.
  • New causative microorganisms for ReA include *Clostridium difficile*, *Mycoplasma pneumoniae*, *Giardia lamblia*, *Leptospira*, and babesiosis.
  • SARS-CoV-2 is identified as a significant emerging etiologic agent for ReA.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive investigations are crucial for differentiating ReA from similar conditions.
  • Further research is needed on diverse causative agents, epidemiology, and rare presentations of ReA.
  • Development of new classification criteria, diagnostic tools, and treatment guidelines is essential for advancing ReA understanding.