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COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Disease: A Comprehensive Review
Fouad Khalil1, Filip Oleszak2, Tom Stys2
1Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota.
Abstract:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a pandemic that impacted the lives of billions of people worldwide. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor act as a gate for viral cell entry through binding to virus S-protein. Cardiovascular patients are thought to be more susceptible to severe COVID-19 infection due to overexpression of ACE2 receptors in these patients. There is a growing body of evidence suggesting worse outcomes and increased mortality among COVID-19 patients with preexisting cardiovascular diseases. SARS-CoV-2 is capable of causing a wide range of cardiovascular diseases including myocarditis, heart failure, arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia and venous thromboembolism. Drug-disease interaction in COVID-19 patients with preexisting cardiovascular conditions has become a major concern. In this review, we discuss different aspects of the relationship between COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system along with a brief pharmacological overview.
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