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Diabetic Maxillary Osteomyelitis: A Worrisome Vulnerability-Our Experience.

Pulkit Khandelwal1, Harish Saluja1, Seemit Shah1

  • 1Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rural Dental College, Loni, Ahmadnagar, Ahmednagar India.

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Diabetic maxillary osteomyelitis is a severe bone infection linked to poorly controlled diabetes. Early recognition and management of diabetes are crucial to prevent devastating outcomes in the maxillofacial region.

Keywords:
AntibioticsDiabetesInfectionMaxillaOsteomyelitis

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Area of Science:

  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
  • Endocrinology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Osteomyelitis is a serious bone infection affecting medullary cavities, haversian system, and adjacent cortex.
  • Invasive osteomyelitis poses significant challenges to patient health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To retrospectively review patients diagnosed with diabetic maxillary osteomyelitis.
  • To evaluate factors correlating infection and diabetes in affected patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case record study of patients with diabetic maxillary osteomyelitis.
  • Analysis of demographic data, predisposing factors, etiology, clinical features, microbiology, treatment, and complications.
  • Confirmation of diabetic status using glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and assessment of diabetes duration and medication adherence.

Main Results:

  • Twenty-eight patients diagnosed with diabetic maxillary osteomyelitis were studied.
  • Over 71% had poorly controlled diabetes (HbA1c > 8%) and elevated blood sugar.
  • Odontogenic infection was the predominant etiology (50%), with bacterial osteomyelitis more frequent than fungal.

Conclusions:

  • Poorly controlled diabetes mellitus significantly impacts the maxillofacial region.
  • Lack of awareness and management of diabetes can lead to severe complications and potentially fatal outcomes.