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Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
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A pulmonary embolism occurs when a thrombus, amniotic fluid, tumor tissue, fat, or air embolus blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. Effective nursing management and patient education are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing recurrence.Nursing management starts with obtaining a comprehensive patient history, particularly noting any history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Assess for clinical manifestations, including dyspnea, chest pain, crackles, heart murmurs, and signs of right-sided...
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Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
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A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism
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Recent progress in liquid embolic agents.

Giho Ko1, Jin Woo Choi2, Nohyun Lee3

  • 1Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Spegcience (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.

Biomaterials
|June 18, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Liquid embolic agents offer superior vessel penetration for treating vascular conditions. This review highlights advancements and suggests properties for next-generation agents to improve embolization efficacy.

Keywords:
EmbolizationLiquid embolic agentsMedical devicesMinimally invasive procedures

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Area of Science:

  • Interventional Radiology
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Vascular Surgery

Background:

  • Vascular embolization is a non-surgical treatment for various vascular conditions, including bleeding, arteriovenous malformations, aneurysms, and hypervascular tumors.
  • Liquid embolic agents are increasingly favored over solid agents due to their ability to infiltrate distal regions, enabling more comprehensive vessel occlusion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current clinically used embolic agents and their applications.
  • To present research on novel liquid embolic agents that address limitations of existing materials.
  • To define essential properties for future liquid embolic agents to ensure treatment efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinically applied embolic agents.
  • Analysis of recent advancements in biomaterials and technologies for liquid embolic agents.
  • Synthesis of research findings on overcoming limitations of current embolic materials.

Main Results:

  • Liquid embolic agents demonstrate superior distal infiltration compared to solid agents.
  • Novel liquid embolic agents are being developed to overcome challenges associated with existing materials.
  • Specific properties are identified that are crucial for effective liquid embolic agents.

Conclusions:

  • Liquid embolic agents are crucial for advanced vascular embolization treatments.
  • Future liquid embolic agents should possess specific properties to enhance efficacy and replace current options.
  • Continued research in biomaterials and technology will drive the development of superior embolic agents.