Violet led dental whitening: Effectiveness and biological safety: An in vitro study

The light-emitting diode (Led) in the violet spectrum associated or not with hydrogen peroxide (HP) has been suggested as a promising technique for dental bleaching. Violet led has a wavelength of 405-410 nm, which is very close to that of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and this has raised biological safety concerns.

To investigate the effectiveness of the violet led dental bleaching technique by evaluating color parameters, enamel surface microhardness, and biological safety analysis.

One hundred bovine dental blocks were divided into groups according to the bleaching technique (G1 - only HP; G2 - HP associated with blue led; G3 - only blue led; G4 - HP associated with a violet led; and G5 - only violet led). The color analysis (ΔE, ΔL, and WID) and enamel surface microhardness were assessed before and after bleaching (immediately, 5, 14, and 30 days). The biological safety of the violet led irradiation was assessed by measuring the number of micronuclei formed in human cells in culture in response to irradiation. Data analysis included Kruskal-Wallis test, Friedman test, and Mann-Whitney test.

In groups G4 and G5 there was the formation of precipitates on the enamel surface. At the time of 14 days, it was observed that the G2 group had lower values of microhardness than G5. ΔL and ΔE showed differences between groups in experimental times. Mean percentages of micronuclei occurrence were similar in the control group and the violet led group.

The violet led irradiation can be applied for dental bleaching because this approach produces significant color changes preserving tooth enamel integrity and causes no genotoxic effects on vital cells.