Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

1.0K
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
1.0K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.1K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.1K
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

1.1K
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
1.1K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.1K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the...
1.1K
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

9.1K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
9.1K
Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade01:22

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

8.7K
When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze...
8.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

An fMRI dataset of verbalized spontaneous thought with annotated transcripts and self-report trait measures.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Constraints on New Vector Boson Mediated Electron-Nucleus Interactions from Spectroscopy Data of Polar Diatomic Molecules.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Hyperpolarized Molecular Nuclear Spins Achieve Magnetic Amplification.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Zero- to ultralow-field J-spectroscopy with a diamond magnetometer.

Communications chemistry·2026
Same author

Enabling nondestructive observation of electrolyte composition in batteries with ultralow-field nuclear magnetic resonance.

Chemical science·2026
Same author

Retention and transformation of internal experiences in autobiographical memory narratives.

Communications psychology·2026
Same journal

Erratum: Bacterial Turbulence at Compressible Fluid Interfaces [Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 138301 (2026)].

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Unveiling Light-Quark Yukawa Flavor Structure via Dihadron Fragmentation at Lepton Colliders.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Adaptable Route to Fast Coherent State Transport via Bang-Bang-Bang Protocols.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Topological Transition and Emergence of Elasticity of Dislocation in Skyrmion Lattice: Beyond Kittel's Magnetic-Polar Analogy.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Pound-Drever-Hall Method for Superconducting-Qubit Readout.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Coupling a ^{73}Ge Nuclear Spin to an Electrostatically Defined Quantum Dot in Silicon.

Physical review letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 6, 2025

A Femtoliter Droplet Array for Massively Parallel Protein Synthesis from Single DNA Molecules
10:45

A Femtoliter Droplet Array for Massively Parallel Protein Synthesis from Single DNA Molecules

Published on: June 20, 2020

10.4K

Floquet Spin Amplification.

Min Jiang1,2, Yushu Qin1,2, Xin Wang1,2

  • 1CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.

Physical Review Letters
|June 24, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new quantum amplification technique using periodically driven xenon spins. This "Floquet amplification" significantly enhances magnetic field measurements, enabling femtotesla-level sensitivity.

More Related Videos

Multicolor Fluorescence Detection for Droplet Microfluidics Using Optical Fibers
10:21

Multicolor Fluorescence Detection for Droplet Microfluidics Using Optical Fibers

Published on: May 5, 2016

10.7K
Determination of the Excitation and Coupling Rates Between Light Emitters and Surface Plasmon Polaritons
07:39

Determination of the Excitation and Coupling Rates Between Light Emitters and Surface Plasmon Polaritons

Published on: July 21, 2018

6.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 6, 2025

A Femtoliter Droplet Array for Massively Parallel Protein Synthesis from Single DNA Molecules
10:45

A Femtoliter Droplet Array for Massively Parallel Protein Synthesis from Single DNA Molecules

Published on: June 20, 2020

10.4K
Multicolor Fluorescence Detection for Droplet Microfluidics Using Optical Fibers
10:21

Multicolor Fluorescence Detection for Droplet Microfluidics Using Optical Fibers

Published on: May 5, 2016

10.7K
Determination of the Excitation and Coupling Rates Between Light Emitters and Surface Plasmon Polaritons
07:39

Determination of the Excitation and Coupling Rates Between Light Emitters and Surface Plasmon Polaritons

Published on: July 21, 2018

6.9K

Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Spin dynamics
  • Metrology

Background:

  • Quantum amplification is crucial for detecting weak signals in fundamental physics and applications.
  • Quantum amplification in periodically driven (Floquet) systems remains underexplored, despite their potential for exotic phenomena like time crystals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate magnetic-field signal amplification in periodically driven (Floquet) systems.
  • To explore the potential of Floquet systems for enhancing quantum amplification.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized periodically driven ^{129}Xe (Xenon-129) spins.
  • Observed signal amplification at transition frequencies between Floquet spin states.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated "Floquet amplification" of magnetic-field signals.
  • Achieved simultaneous enhancement and measurement of multiple magnetic fields.
  • Improved measurement sensitivity by at least one order of magnitude, reaching femtotesla-level capabilities.

Conclusions:

  • Extended the principles of quantum amplification to Floquet spin systems.
  • Introduced a novel class of "Floquet spin amplifiers".
  • Findings have broad implications for improving sensitive magnetic field measurements across various scientific disciplines.