Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) in the rectum: A case report

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Surgical Pathology

Background:

• Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is an uncommon and aggressive soft tissue sarcoma.
• Rectal DDLPS is exceptionally rare, posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

Observation:

• A 68-year-old male presented with lower abdominal pain and weight loss, found to have a rectal DDLPS.
• Imaging revealed a rectal tumour; surgical resection included sigmoid colostomy and partial ureterectomy.
• Immunohistochemistry confirmed the tumour was positive for mouse double minute 2 (MDM2).

Findings:

• The patient experienced rapid tumour recurrence and metastasis within 4 weeks post-surgery.
• Refusal of adjuvant chemotherapy due to economic factors likely contributed to the poor outcome.
• The patient ultimately succumbed to complications including shock, metabolic acidosis, hyperlactataemia, and acute renal failure.

Implications:

• This case underscores the aggressive nature and poor prognosis associated with rectal DDLPS.
• Improved diagnostic strategies and timely multimodal treatment are crucial for managing rectal DDLPS.
• Further research into optimal therapeutic approaches for this rare malignancy is warranted.