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Quantum Asymmetry and Noisy Multimode Interferometry.

Francesco Albarelli1,2, Mateusz Mazelanik1,3, Michał Lipka3

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Quantum asymmetry, a measure of coherence in quantum systems, can surprisingly increase when internal coherence decreases. This study demonstrates this effect in interferometry, improving sensitivity by reducing noise correlations.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Quantum information theory
  • Quantum optics

Background:

  • Quantum asymmetry quantifies coherence between specific quantum states.
  • This resource is crucial for phase encoding in interferometric experiments.
  • Degenerate subspaces can exhibit complex coherence behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the counterintuitive phenomenon of increasing quantum asymmetry with decreasing internal coherence.
  • To explain the underlying mechanisms of this behavior.
  • To explore its implications in quantum interferometry and entanglement.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of quantum asymmetry.
  • Experimental demonstration using a three-mode single-photon interferometer.
  • Inclusion of noisy reference arms with fluctuating phases.
  • Analysis of correlations between phase fluctuations.

Main Results:

  • Observed an increase in quantum asymmetry due to a decrease in coherence within a degenerate subspace.
  • Identified the reduction of correlations between fluctuating phases as the source of sensitivity improvement.
  • Demonstrated the phenomenon in a single-photon interferometric experiment.

Conclusions:

  • Quantum asymmetry can increase counterintuitively as internal coherence decreases.
  • Reducing correlations in noisy reference arms enhances sensitivity in quantum interferometry.
  • The findings have implications for both quantum and classical regimes, and entanglement resource theory.