Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

2.7K
Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
2.7K
Oxygen Transport in the Blood01:27

Oxygen Transport in the Blood

3.2K
Hemoglobin (Hb) is a crucial molecule in the human body, consisting of four polypeptide chains, each bound to an iron-containing heme group. This unique structure enables hemoglobin to bind to oxygen, with each molecule capable of combining with four molecules of oxygen, leading to rapid and reversible oxygen loading. When fully loaded with oxygen, it is called oxyhemoglobin, while hemoglobin that has released oxygen is called reduced hemoglobin or deoxyhemoglobin. As hemoglobin binds oxygen,...
3.2K
Hypoxia01:23

Hypoxia

1.2K
Hypoxia is a medical condition characterized by an inadequate oxygen supply to body tissues. It typically manifests as a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosae, especially in fair-skinned individuals, when hemoglobin (Hb) saturation drops below 75%.
Types of Hypoxia
There are four primary types of hypoxia, each resulting from a different cause:
1. Anemic hypoxia: This type occurs due to insufficient oxygen delivery caused by a lack of red blood cells (RBCs) or RBCs with abnormal or...
1.2K
Autoregulation of Blood Flow01:17

Autoregulation of Blood Flow

2.7K
Autoregulation mechanisms are characterized by their inherent capacity for self-regulation without necessitating specific nervous stimulation or endocrine control. These mechanisms facilitate the adjustment of blood flow and, therefore, perfusion specific to each tissue region. This self-regulation encompasses chemical signals and myogenic controls.
Chemical Signaling in Autoregulation
Chemical signaling operates at the precapillary sphincter level, inciting either contraction or relaxation....
2.7K
Peroxisomes01:24

Peroxisomes

14.0K
Peroxisomes are specialized organelles present in fungi, plant, and animal cells. It can vary in number, size, morphology, and activity depending on the type of tissue and the nutritional state of the cell. For example, cells with active lipid metabolism, such as adipocytes, neurons, and hepatocytes, have more peroxisomes than other cells in the body. Besides their primary role in breaking down complex organic molecules, peroxisomes can also synthesize specific macromolecules and participate in...
14.0K
Paracrine Signaling01:21

Paracrine Signaling

55.6K
Paracrine signaling allows cells to communicate with their immediate neighbors via secretion of signaling molecules. Such a signal can only trigger a response in nearby target cells because the signal molecules degrade quickly or are inactivated if not taken up. Prominent examples of paracrine signaling include nitric oxide signaling in blood vessels, synaptic signaling of neurons, the blood clotting system, tissue repair/wound healing, and local allergic skin reactions. Nitric oxide as a...
55.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Polyomavirus-Specific T Cells in Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy: A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis.

Transplantation and cellular therapy·2026
Same author

The emerging roles of cerebral pericytes in brain metastasis.

Neuro-oncology·2026
Same author

Smart flying in challenging skies: How Red Kites adjust wind turbine micro- and meso-avoidance across weather and experience.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Generalized Periodic Discharges: Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus or Diffuse Encephalopathy-A Case Comparison.

Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society·2026
Same author

A consensus-based classification of minor complications, major complications, and failure after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A modified delphi study.

Journal of ISAKOS : joint disorders & orthopaedic sports medicine·2026
Same author

Control of microglial dynamics by the Arp2/3 complex and the autism- and schizophrenia-associated protein CYFIP1.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

EXPRESS: Ventricular CSF-to-blood water transport kinetics in adult hydrocephalus.

Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·2026
Same journal

EXPRESS: Intercellular Mitochondrial Transfer in Ischemic Stroke: Emerging Roles of Microglia.

Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·2026
Same journal

EXPRESS: Mechanical Compaction Alters Microstructural and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Properties of Acute Ischemic Stroke Clots.

Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·2026
Same journal

EXPRESS: Multi-modal Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Assess Cerebrovascular Function in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation.

Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·2026
Same journal

EXPRESS: Trifluoperazine reduces infarct size, restores neurovascular coupling and improves early outcomes in experimental acute ischemic stroke.

Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·2026
Same journal

EXPRESS: Advances in artificial intelligence for neuroimaging.

Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 5, 2025

Isolation of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells from Neonatal Mice
08:02

Isolation of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells from Neonatal Mice

Published on: October 19, 2013

18.5K

Hyperoxia evokes pericyte-mediated capillary constriction.

Chanawee Hirunpattarasilp1,2, Anna Barkaway1,2, Harvey Davis1,2

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London, UK.

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism : Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism
|July 5, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Excess oxygen can harm brain blood flow by constricting capillaries. This study reveals pericytes, not ROS or endothelin, mediate this effect via 20-HETE, impacting patient outcomes.

Keywords:
20-HETEHyperoxiacerebral blood flowpericytereactive oxygen species

More Related Videos

Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation and Reoxygenation as an In Vitro Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Model for Studying Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction
08:56

Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation and Reoxygenation as an In Vitro Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Model for Studying Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction

Published on: May 7, 2015

18.2K
Videomorphometric Analysis of Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction of Intra-pulmonary Arteries Using Murine Precision Cut Lung Slices
13:32

Videomorphometric Analysis of Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction of Intra-pulmonary Arteries Using Murine Precision Cut Lung Slices

Published on: January 14, 2014

10.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 5, 2025

Isolation of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells from Neonatal Mice
08:02

Isolation of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells from Neonatal Mice

Published on: October 19, 2013

18.5K
Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation and Reoxygenation as an In Vitro Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Model for Studying Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction
08:56

Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation and Reoxygenation as an In Vitro Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Model for Studying Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction

Published on: May 7, 2015

18.2K
Videomorphometric Analysis of Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction of Intra-pulmonary Arteries Using Murine Precision Cut Lung Slices
13:32

Videomorphometric Analysis of Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction of Intra-pulmonary Arteries Using Murine Precision Cut Lung Slices

Published on: January 14, 2014

10.9K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Vascular Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Oxygen supplementation is common for hypoxia but can reduce cerebral blood flow (CBF).
  • Previous research focused on arterial effects, neglecting cerebral capillary pericytes' role in CBF regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of hyperoxia on cerebral capillary pericytes and their role in regulating CBF.
  • To identify the molecular mechanisms underlying hyperoxia-induced capillary constriction.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized bright-field imaging of cerebral capillaries and CBF modeling.
  • Investigated the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS), endothelin-1, and 20-HETE in hyperoxia-induced pericyte responses.

Main Results:

  • Hyperoxia (95% O2) increased intracellular calcium in pericytes, causing capillary constriction and an estimated 25% CBF decrease.
  • Contrary to expectations, ROS and endothelin-1 were not involved in this constriction.
  • A 20-HETE synthesis blocker significantly reduced hyperoxia-evoked capillary constriction.

Conclusions:

  • Cerebral capillary pericytes are key regulators of CBF during hyperoxia.
  • 20-HETE synthesis acts as an oxygen sensor in regulating CBF.
  • Findings suggest a mechanism for how clinical oxygen administration may worsen neurological outcomes.