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Have acute appendicitis complications increased in children as a result of SARS-CoV-2?
M G Toro Rodríguez1, M Dore Reyes1, I Martínez Castaño1
1Pediatric Surgery Department. Alicante General University Hospital. Alicante (Spain).
Insights
The COVID-19 pandemic did not significantly affect the diagnosis or complication rates of acute appendicitis in children. Pediatric appendicitis management remained consistent despite public health measures.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Surgery
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has impacted healthcare systems globally, leading to increased diagnostic delays and morbidity.
- The influence of the pandemic on pediatric acute appendicitis outcomes requires investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the development of complications in children with acute appendicitis.
- To compare diagnostic times and complication rates in pediatric appendicitis before and during the pandemic.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective cohort study included 309 pediatric patients (<15 years) with acute appendicitis.
- Patients were classified into pre-pandemic (January 2019-February 2020) and pandemic (March 2020-December 2020) groups.
- Outcomes analyzed included diagnostic time, appendicitis complication rates, and postoperative complications.
Main Results:
- No significant difference in diagnostic time was observed between the pre-pandemic and pandemic groups (1.35 vs. 1.43 days).
- The proportion of complicated appendicitis (perforated, abscess, etc.) was similar in both groups (23.3% vs. 21.6%).
- Postoperative complication rates were also comparable (11.4% vs. 13.8%), with intra-abdominal abscess being the most frequent complication.
Conclusions:
- The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and associated safety measures did not significantly impact the management or outcomes of acute appendicitis in pediatric patients.
- Pediatric appendicitis care remained consistent, with no increased morbidity or diagnostic delays attributable to the pandemic.
Introduction:
The impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on healthcare has already been described, since it has caused an increase in diagnostic delay and morbidity. Our objective was to assess its influence on the development of complications in children with acute appendicitis.
Materials And Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was carried out. It included acute appendicitis patients under 15 years of age treated from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020. They were classified according to diagnosis date as before the pandemic (B) (January 2019-February 2020) and during the pandemic (D) (March 2020-December 2020). According to operative findings, they were classified as complicated appendicitis (perforated/abscess/plastron/peritonitis) and non-complicated appendicitis (catarrhal/phlegmonous/gangrenous). Demographic data, progression time, and postoperative complications were analyzed.
Results:
A total of 309 patients were included, 193 (62.5%) in Group B, and 116 (37.5%) in Group D, with an age of 9.2 ± 0.4 and 9.4 ± 0.6 years, respectively (CI = 95%). Diagnostic time was 1.35 and 1.43 days (p>0.05) in Groups B and D, respectively, with ≥ 3 days representing 15.5% of cases in Group B, and 16.4% of cases in Group D (p = 0.84). The proportion of complicated appendicitis was 23.3% in Group B vs. 21.6% in Group D (p>0.05). Postoperative complications were observed in 11.4% of patients in Group B, and in 13.8% of patients in Group D (p>0.05), with intra-abdominal abscess being the most frequent complication in both groups (54.5% of the total complications in Group B vs. 65.5% in Group D; p>0.05).
Conclusions:
The management of acute appendicitis and its complications in pediatric patients has not been impacted by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic or the safety measures enforced.
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