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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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RNA Interference01:23

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA
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Long Intergenic Noncoding RNAs Affect Biological Pathways Underlying Autoimmune and Neurodegenerative Disorders.

Patrycja Plewka1,2, Katarzyna Dorota Raczynska3,4

  • 1Department of Gene Expression, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland.

Molecular Neurobiology
|July 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression. This review explores their roles in autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets and biomarkers.

Keywords:
Alzheimer’s diseaseAutoimmune diseasesLong intergenic noncoding RNAsMultiple sclerosisNeurodegenerative diseasesParkinson’s disease

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Immunology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) are transcripts >200 nucleotides with diverse regulatory roles.
  • Dysregulation of lincRNAs impacts cellular homeostasis, differentiation, development, and immune/nervous system function.
  • Emerging evidence links lincRNAs to various disease pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular functions and pathogenic roles of lincRNAs in specific autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases.
  • To explore the potential of lincRNAs as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating lincRNA involvement in disease pathogenesis.
  • Analysis of proposed molecular mechanisms and functions of lincRNAs in selected disorders.

Main Results:

  • LincRNAs play multifaceted roles in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
  • Specific lincRNAs are implicated in the progression and severity of these conditions.

Conclusions:

  • LincRNAs are critical players in autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases.
  • LincRNAs represent promising biomarkers for disease prediction and monitoring.
  • Targeting lincRNAs offers potential novel therapeutic strategies for these debilitating conditions.