State-of-the-Art Research on Diabetic Retinopathy
Rafael Simó1,2
1Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Autonomous University of Barcelona, Vall d'Hebron Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
Journal of Clinical Medicine
|July 9, 2022
Abstract:
The scientific community and health care providers should be seriously worried by the fact that diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains the main cause of preventable blindness in the working age population [...].
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01:27Diabetic Retinopathy
DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
01:28Diabetic Nephropathy
Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration occur due to afferent arteriolar...