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Updated: Sep 5, 2025

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography
Published on: October 28, 2020
Artificial intelligence in echocardiography: Review and limitations including epistemological concerns
Gültekin Karakuş1, Aleks Değirmencioğlu1, Navin C Nanda2
1Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Background And Purpose:
In this review we describe the use of artificial intelligence in the field of echocardiography. Various aspects and terminologies used in artificial intelligence are explained in an easy-to-understand manner and supplemented with illustrations related to echocardiography. Limitations of artificial intelligence, including epistemologic concerns from a philosophical standpoint, are also discussed.
Methods:
A narrative review of relevant papers was conducted.
Conclusion:
We provide an overview of the usefulness of artificial intelligence in echocardiography and focus on how it can supplement current day-to-day clinical practice in the assessment of various cardiovascular disease entities. On the other hand, there are significant limitations, including epistemological concerns, which need to be kept in perspective.
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