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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

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Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
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Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
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A Novel Microdissection Approach to Recovering Mycobacterium tuberculosis Specific Transcripts from Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded Lung Granulomas
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Transcriptomics for child and adolescent tuberculosis.

Myrsini Kaforou1, Claire Broderick1, Ortensia Vito1

  • 1Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK.

Immunological Reviews
|July 12, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transcriptomics in children reveals blood gene expression markers for diagnosing tuberculosis (TB) and predicting its progression. These findings are crucial for developing new diagnostic tools for pediatric TB.

Keywords:
childrendiagnosisdifferential expressiontranscriptomicstuberculosis

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), significantly impacts children, with unique disease progression and mortality risks.
  • Pediatric TB presents distinct challenges in diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccine development compared to adults.
  • Host and pathogen factors, particularly age, influence TB infection progression and outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of transcriptomics in understanding pediatric and adolescent tuberculosis.
  • To highlight the potential of blood gene expression profiling for biomarker discovery in pediatric TB.
  • To assess the utility of transcriptomics in diagnosing TB, predicting disease progression, and monitoring treatment response in young populations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing high-throughput methods like RNA-Sequencing and microarray analysis to quantify RNA transcripts in peripheral blood.
  • Analyzing gene expression profiles to understand host immune responses to Mtb infection and disease.
  • Focusing on studies specifically investigating pediatric and adolescent populations.

Main Results:

  • Gene expression profiling in blood has identified potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for pediatric TB.
  • Identified blood gene expression markers meet or exceed current sensitivity and specificity targets for diagnostic tools.
  • Transcriptomic signatures show promise for discriminating disease states and aiding clinical decision-making.

Conclusions:

  • Transcriptomics offers a powerful, hypothesis-free approach to unraveling pediatric TB biology.
  • Blood-based gene expression signatures are emerging as valuable tools for diagnosing and managing TB in children and adolescents.
  • Ongoing translation of these transcriptomic findings into clinical diagnostic tests is anticipated.