The Association Between Mood and Anxiety Disorders With Perioperative Outcomes Following Radical Cystectomy

To identify associations between preoperative psychiatric diagnoses and perioperative outcomes after RC.

The Florida Inpatient Data File was used to identify patients who underwent RC from 2013 to 2019. ICD-10 codes for a mood or anxiety disorder were identified and analyzed as a 3-level variable: neither, one of these, or both. Outcomes included inpatient mortality, non-home discharge, in-hospital complications, and length of stay. Mixed-effects logistic regression (accounting for clustering within hospitals) and negative binomial regression models were utilized.

We identified 4396 RC patients, including 306 (7.0%) with a mood disorder and 389 (8.8%) with an anxiety disorder. After multivariable adjustment, there was no significant association between mood and/or anxiety disorders with mortality or the presence or number of in-hospital complications. However, a mood or anxiety disorder was significantly associated with increased odds of non-home discharge (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.20-2.14) and longer length of stay (IRR 1.13, 95% CI 1.07-1.19); these associations were also increased among patients with both mood and anxiety disorder diagnoses (non-home discharge OR 2.66, 95% CI 1.61-4.38; length of stay IRR 1.12, 95% CI 1.01-1.24).

Patients with mood and/or anxiety disorders undergoing RC had longer length of stay and increased odds of discharge to a non-home facility despite similar risks of perioperative complications. These data suggest an opportunity for perioperative intervention to address these disparities in postoperative outcomes. However, further work is needed to determine the underlying causes of these differences and to develop effective interventions.