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Neuronal Communication

Neuronal Communication

Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, communicate through complex electrochemical signals that underpin all cognitive and bodily functions. This communication is primarily facilitated by a process involving the generation and propagation of an action potential along the axon of the neuron. When the internal electrical charge of a neuron surpasses a certain threshold, an action potential is triggered. This rapid change in voltage travels swiftly along the axon to the...

Neurons: The Axon

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Axons are long, cytoplasmic processes of nerve cells capable of propagating electrical impulses known as action potentials. The cytoplasm or axoplasm of an axon contains neurofibrils, neurotubules, small vesicles, lysosomes, mitochondria, and various enzymes, all encased within the axolemma, the plasma membrane of the axon.
The axon attaches to the cell body at a cone-shaped elevation called the axon hillock. The initial part of the axon, closest to the hillock, is known as the initial segment....

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 4, 2025

Computational Modeling of Retinal Neurons for Visual Prosthesis Research - Fundamental Approaches

Computational Modeling of Retinal Neurons for Visual Prosthesis Research - Fundamental Approaches

Published on: June 21, 2022

Modernizing the NEURON Simulator for Sustainability, Portability, and Performance.

Omar Awile¹, Pramod Kumbhar¹, Nicolas Cornu¹

¹Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland.

Frontiers in Neuroinformatics

|July 14, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The NEURON simulation environment has been modernized for reproducible biological modeling. Enhanced performance and accessibility are achieved through new compilation techniques and hardware support.

Keywords:

NEURON computational neuroscience multiscale computer modeling neuronal networks simulation systems biology

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Area of Science:

Computational Neuroscience
Multiscale Biological Modeling
Scientific Simulation Platforms

Background:

The NEURON environment is crucial for computational neuroscience but faces challenges with compatibility, hardware evolution, and user accessibility.
Maintaining and developing NEURON requires balancing diverse user needs and technical advancements over decades.

Purpose of the Study:

To substantially modernize the NEURON simulation environment.
To enhance NEURON's performance, accessibility, and robustness across various hardware platforms.
To improve the integration of NEURON with broader scientific workflows.

Main Methods:

Implemented continuous integration, an improved build system, and enhanced documentation.
Utilized a new NMODL compiler and the CoreNEURON simulation engine for hardware acceleration (including GPUs).
Incorporated optimized in-memory transfer mechanisms and just-in-time compilation for reaction-diffusion simulations.

Main Results:

Achieved significantly improved simulation performance for biophysical and biochemical models.
Enabled efficient execution on diverse hardware, from laptops to supercomputers and cloud platforms.
Fostered a growing developer base and a more robust software distribution.

Conclusions:

The modernized NEURON environment offers enhanced performance, broader hardware compatibility, and improved accessibility for multiscale biological modeling.
These advancements facilitate reproducible research and streamline model development across different computational scales.
NEURON's updated architecture supports integration with other scientific workflows, advancing computational neuroscience research.