Path Planning Optimization of Intelligent Vehicle Based on Improved Genetic and Ant Colony Hybrid Algorithm

Intelligent vehicles were widely used in logistics handling, agriculture, medical service, industrial production, and other industries, but they were often not smooth enough in planning the path, and the number of turns was large, resulting in high energy consumption. Aiming at the unsmooth path planning problem of four-wheel intelligent vehicle path planning algorithm, this article proposed an improved genetic and ant colony hybrid algorithm, and the physical model of intelligent vehicle was established. This article first improved ant colony optimization algorithm about heuristic function with the adaptive change of evaporation factor. Then, it improved the genetic algorithm on fitness function, adaptive adjustment of crossover factor, and mutation factor. Last, this article proposed the improved hybrid algorithm with the addition of a deletion operator, adoption of an elite retention strategy, and addition of suboptimal solutions obtained from the improved ant colony algorithm to improved genetic algorithm to obtain optimized new populations. The simulation environment for this article is windows 10, the processor is Intel Core i5-5257U, the running memory is 4GB, the compilation environment is MATLAB2018b, the number of ant samples is 50, the maximum number of iterations is 100, the initial population size of the genetic algorithm is 200, and the maximum number of iterations is 50. Simulation and physical experiments show that the improved hybrid algorithm is effective. Compared with the traditional hybrid algorithm, the improved hybrid algorithm reduced by 46% in the average number of iterations and 75% in the average number of turns in a simple grid. The improved hybrid algorithm reduced by 47% in the average number of iterations and 21% in the average number of turns in a complex grid. The improved hybrid algorithm works better to reduce the number of turns in simple maps.