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Engineered platelets-based drug delivery platform for targeted thrombolysis.

Songli Wang1,2, Ruifeng Wang1, Nana Meng1

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education and PLA), Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B
|July 18, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study developed a novel platelet-based drug delivery system (NO@uPA/PLTs) for targeted thrombolysis. The system effectively dissolves blood clots and prevents re-embolism with a reduced risk of bleeding complications.

Keywords:
Nitric oxidePlateletTargeted thrombolysisThrombus reformationUrokinase

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Current thrombolytic agents have limitations including short half-life, poor targeting, and bleeding risks.
  • Platelets play a natural role in thrombus formation, offering inspiration for drug delivery.
  • Developing targeted delivery systems is crucial for effective thrombolysis and preventing re-embolism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a platelet-based delivery system (NO@uPA/PLTs) for targeted thrombolysis and inhibition of re-embolism.
  • To enhance the efficacy and safety of thrombolytic therapy by co-delivering urokinase (uPA) and nitric oxide (NO).
  • To evaluate the therapeutic potential of NO@uPA/PLTs in preclinical models of thrombotic disease.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a platelet-based delivery system (NO@uPA/PLTs) by anchoring urokinase (uPA) and loading arginine (Arg) onto platelets.
  • Investigating the targeted accumulation and in vivo circulation duration of uPA-modified platelets.
  • Assessing the thrombolytic efficacy and anti-re-embolism activity of NO@uPA/PLTs in pulmonary embolism and carotid artery thrombosis mouse models.
  • Evaluating the recurrence prevention ability in a secondary carotid artery injury mouse model and analyzing coagulation indicators.

Main Results:

  • Anchoring uPA to platelets via lipid insertion improved thrombotic targeting and circulation time without affecting platelet function.
  • Nitric oxide (NO) generated from arginine inhibited platelet aggregation and activation, preventing re-embolism.
  • NO@uPA/PLTs demonstrated superior thrombolytic efficacy and accumulation at thrombi in mouse models.
  • The system showed excellent prevention of thrombus recurrence and a low risk of bleeding complications.

Conclusions:

  • The platelet-based NO@uPA/PLTs system offers a promising strategy for targeted thrombolysis.
  • Co-delivery of uPA and NO by platelets enhances therapeutic benefits and reduces adverse effects.
  • This novel system provides a potential tool for rapid clot dissolution and effective inhibition of post-treatment re-embolism.