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Recreational Football and Bone Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Zoran Milanović1,2,3, Nedim Čović4, Eva Wulff Helge5
1Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Carnojeviceva 10a, 18000, Niš, Serbia. zoooro_85@yahoo.com.
Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
|July 19, 2022
Summary
Recreational football significantly boosts bone turnover markers and lower limb bone mineral density (BMD) compared to inactivity. While effects on total BMD and bone mineral content (BMC) are negligible, football enhances osteogenesis.
Area of Science:
- Sports Science
- Exercise Physiology
- Bone Health Research
Background:
- Recreational football involves intense, varied physical activity.
- Hypothesized to positively influence bone modeling and overall bone health.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate football's impact on bone density, content, and turnover.
Approach:
- Searched multiple databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, etc.) up to September 2021.
- Included randomized and matched controlled trials comparing recreational football to other interventions or passive controls.
- Analyzed data using Comprehensive Meta-analysis V.2 software, assessing risk of bias with RoB2 and k statistics.
Key Points:
- Recreational football (12-64 weeks, 1-3 sessions/wk) significantly increased bone turnover markers (osteocalcin, P1NP, CTX) versus controls.
- A statistically significant positive effect was observed on lower limb bone mineral density (BMD).
- Negligible effects were found for total BMD and total/lower limb bone mineral content (BMC) compared to controls.
Conclusions:
- Recreational football interventions (12-64 weeks) demonstrate a significant osteogenic impact on bone turnover markers.
- Beneficial effects on lower limb BMD were noted compared to no-exercise controls.
- Short-to-medium term recreational football shows negligible effects on whole-body BMD and BMC, similar to other exercise types.
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