Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Chemical and Solubility Equilibria02:21

Chemical and Solubility Equilibria

4.2K
The free energy change associated with dissolving a solute in a liter of solvent is called the free energy of a solution, ΔGsolution. The overall ΔGsolution is expressed as the balance of ΔGinteraction against the always-favorable free-energy of mixing, ΔGmixing. Solution formation is favorable if  ΔGsolution is less than zero, whereas it is unfavorable if ΔGsolution is greater than zero. In short, for a solution to form and complete dissolution to take place,...
4.2K
Solution Formation02:16

Solution Formation

32.5K
There is no one solvent that can dissolve every type of solute. Some substances that readily dissolve in a certain solvent might be insoluble in a different solvent. A simple way to predict which substances dissolve in which solvent is the phrase "like dissolves like". This means that polar substances, such as salt and sugar, dissolve in a polar substance like water. In contrast, non-polar substances are more soluble in non-polar solvents such as carbon tetrachloride.
This selective...
32.5K
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

734
The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
734
Solution Concentration and Dilution02:59

Solution Concentration and Dilution

85.5K
The relative amount of a given solution component is known as its concentration. Often, though not always, a solution contains one component with a concentration that is significantly greater than that of all other components. This component is called the solvent and may be viewed as the medium in which the other components are dispersed or dissolved. Solutions in which water is the solvent are, of course, very common on our planet. A solution in which water is the solvent is called an aqueous...
85.5K
Energetics of Solution Formation02:35

Energetics of Solution Formation

6.8K
The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, which is a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Formation of the solution requires the solute–solute and solvent–solvent...
6.8K
Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

576
The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
576

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Engineering the fourth dimension of cell-instructive hydrogels through dynamic bonding.

Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society·2026
Same author

Dual-Engineered Dendritic Cell Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Couple T Cell Priming with Checkpoint Reprogramming for Synergistic Immunotherapy.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Metabolic Glycoengineering of Synthetic "Membrane Receptors" via Supramolecular Host-Guest Recognition.

Bioconjugate chemistry·2026
Same author

Engineering a Glucose-Responsive Glucagon Prodrug Through Arginine-Phenylboronic Acid Pendant Modification.

Small science·2026
Same author

Molecular engineering of designer diabetes therapeutics.

Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society·2026
Same author

Capture and Detection of Fentanyl with Thiolated Cucurbit[7]uril Macrocycles on Silver Nanoparticles.

ACS applied nano materials·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 4, 2025

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning
12:07

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning

Published on: April 16, 2018

13.6K

Less is more when forming gels by dilution.

Matthew J Webber1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 20, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Molecular self-assembly enables the creation of novel soft materials. These advanced materials emerge from a liquid state upon dilution, offering new possibilities in material science.

More Related Videos

Microfluidic Synthesis of Microgel Building Blocks for Microporous Annealed Particle Scaffold
09:34

Microfluidic Synthesis of Microgel Building Blocks for Microporous Annealed Particle Scaffold

Published on: June 16, 2022

3.3K
Gelatin Methacryloyl Granular Hydrogel Scaffolds: High-throughput Microgel Fabrication, Lyophilization, Chemical Assembly, and 3D Bioprinting
10:36

Gelatin Methacryloyl Granular Hydrogel Scaffolds: High-throughput Microgel Fabrication, Lyophilization, Chemical Assembly, and 3D Bioprinting

Published on: December 9, 2022

7.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 4, 2025

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning
12:07

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning

Published on: April 16, 2018

13.6K
Microfluidic Synthesis of Microgel Building Blocks for Microporous Annealed Particle Scaffold
09:34

Microfluidic Synthesis of Microgel Building Blocks for Microporous Annealed Particle Scaffold

Published on: June 16, 2022

3.3K
Gelatin Methacryloyl Granular Hydrogel Scaffolds: High-throughput Microgel Fabrication, Lyophilization, Chemical Assembly, and 3D Bioprinting
10:36

Gelatin Methacryloyl Granular Hydrogel Scaffolds: High-throughput Microgel Fabrication, Lyophilization, Chemical Assembly, and 3D Bioprinting

Published on: December 9, 2022

7.1K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Molecular self-assembly is a fundamental process in nature.
  • Controlled self-assembly is key to designing advanced soft materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the formation of soft materials via molecular self-assembly.
  • To understand the transition from liquid to soft material states.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing principles of molecular self-assembly.
  • Dilution of precursor solutions to induce material formation.

Main Results:

  • Soft materials were successfully generated from a liquid precursor.
  • The process is triggered by solution dilution.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular self-assembly offers a viable route to synthesize soft materials.
  • Dilution is a critical parameter for controlling material formation.