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Attribution of Space-Time Variability in Global-Ocean Dissolved Inorganic Carbon.

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Area of Science:

  • Oceanography
  • Biogeochemistry
  • Climate Science

Background:

  • Oceanic dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) inventory and variability are shaped by physical, chemical, and biological interactions.
  • Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of these drivers is essential for predicting the ocean carbon sink's future.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To generate a global, data-constrained dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) budget using the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean-Darwin ocean biogeochemistry state estimate.
  • To investigate the influence of 3D circulation, air-sea CO2 flux, and biological processes on the ocean carbon sink from 1995-2018.
  • To analyze spatial and seasonal-to-interannual variability in ocean carbon uptake.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean-Darwin (ECCO-Darwin) ocean biogeochemistry state estimate.
  • Developed a global-ocean, data-constrained dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) budget.
  • Analyzed variability in circulation, air-sea CO2 flux, and biological processes over a 24-year period (1995-2018).

Main Results:

  • Substantial compensation between budget terms creates distinct upper-ocean carbon regimes.
  • The global ocean accumulated 64 Petagrams of Carbon (Pg C) over 24 years, primarily tracking anthropogenic CO2 growth.
  • Biological processes contributed minimally (2%) to the total DIC mass increase, but were a major loss in the upper 100m.
  • Interannual variability, particularly during the 1997-1998 El Niño-Southern Oscillation, was dominated by vertical advection in equatorial regions.

Conclusions:

  • The ocean's capacity to absorb anthropogenic CO2 is largely governed by physical circulation, with biological processes playing a smaller role in the net DIC increase.
  • Distinct regional carbon dynamics exist, highlighting the complex interplay of ocean processes.
  • The study provides a data-constrained framework for understanding perturbations to the ocean carbon sink.