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Network-based real-time kinematic (NRTK) positioning improves accuracy by estimating tropospheric delays. This method enhances centimeter-level positioning and integer ambiguity resolution for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) users.

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Area of Science:

  • Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering
  • Atmospheric Science
  • Satellite Navigation

Background:

  • Real-time kinematic (RTK) and Network-based RTK (NRTK) offer cm-level positioning using GNSS.
  • Tropospheric delay, influenced by atmospheric humidity, is a significant error source in RTK, particularly for longer baselines.
  • Quantifying tropospheric delay is challenging due to its variability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate double-differenced zenith tropospheric delays (ZTDs) using the NRTK approach.
  • To assess the impact of incorporating a priori interpolated ZTDs on positioning accuracy and Integer Ambiguity Resolution (IAR).
  • To compare a novel simple interpolation strategy with standard RTK methods.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a 6-station European network with multi-GNSS data for NRTK processing.
  • Estimated ZTDs, ambiguities, and positions simultaneously.
  • Employed weighted least-squares (WLS) with a priori interpolated ZTDs from nearby IGS network stations, using a simple interpolation strategy to mitigate altitude variability.

Main Results:

  • Validated estimated ZTDs against IGS data, achieving an average Root Mean Squares Error (RMSE) of approximately 12 mm.
  • Incorporating interpolated ZTDs improved positioning accuracy by about 50% compared to standard RTK.
  • The success rate for Integer Ambiguity Resolution (IAR) increased by nearly 1%.

Conclusions:

  • The NRTK approach effectively estimates ZTDs, contributing to improved positioning accuracy.
  • Using a priori interpolated ZTDs as quasi-observations enhances both positioning precision and IAR performance.
  • The proposed simple interpolation strategy offers a practical method to leverage ZTD information in NRTK, outperforming standard RTK.